Study and country of origin | Subject details (age in years; height in cm) | Asymptomatic control details (age in years; height in cm) | Task | Electrode type; sampling rate; signal processing | EMG onset determination method | AKP during test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karst and Willett [30] USA | See table 1 | See table 1 | Reflex knee extension elicited by patella tendon tap. High sitting with leg hanging over side of plinth, hip and knee at 90 degrees flexion | Surface Electrodes: SR 4000 Hz; raw signal used | Computerized: point at which signal exceeded mean + 1 SD of baseline level | NS |
Witvrouw et al [18] Belgium | No: 19/19 M/F:8/11 Age: 21.1, range 17–26 Height: NS Profile: University Hospital clinic, Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery. Symptom Duration: > 1 and 1/2 months | No: 80/80 M/F: 37/43 Age: 18.4, range 17–22 Height: NS Profile: NS |  | Surface Electrodes: SR not stated; raw signal used | Visual: point at which EMG leaves baseline. | NS |
Witvrouw et al [13] Belgium | No: 480/282. 24 developed AKP and became subjects. Profile (includes control): Students taking physical education classes. 12–14 hrs sport per week. No history of AKP at start. M/F: 11/13 Mean age 18.6, (17–21) includes controls. Height: 179.3 ± 5.38 Symptom Duration: > 1 and 1/2 months | As across. 258 did not develop AKP and became controls. M/F: 151/131 Height: 180.16 ± 6.25 |  | Surface Electrodes: SR not stated; raw signal used | Visual: point at which EMG leaves baseline. | NS |
Voight and Wieder [6] USA | No: 16/16 M/F: 10/6 Age: 26.1 (19–31) Height: NS Profile:Professional, recreational and non-athletes from sports clinic Miami University. Symptom Duration: NS | No: 41/41 M/F: 17/24 Age: 24.8, (18 – 45) Height: NS Profile: "@age matched", otherwise NS |  | Surface Electrodes: SR not stated; raw signal used | Visual: point at which EMG leaves baseline. | NS |