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Table 2 Associations between responder characteristics, pain and disability

From: The prevalence of pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius in a UK population: A cross sectional survey

  

Disability (DASH)

Pain (VAS)

Characteristic

OR†

95% CI

P value

OR ‡

95% CI

P value

Age

65+

6.53

1.65 – 25.90

0.003*

1.64

0.38 – 7.10

0.71#

 

17 – 64

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Sex

Female

2.80

0.37 – 23.36

0.45#

0.29

0.06 – 1.40

0.13#

 

Male

1.00(ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Injured hand

Left

0.77

0.23 – 2.60

0.68

1.39

0.32 – 5.98

0.72#

 

Right

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00(ref)

  

Dominant hand injured

No

0.63

0.19 – 2.09

0.44

1.11

0.26 – 4.79

1.00#

 

Yes

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Undergoing compensation

No

~

~

~

3.38

0.31 – 37.00

0.34#

 

Yes

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Diagnosis from medical

displaced

~

~

~

0.89

0.15 – 5.27

1.00#

 

Un-displaced

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Management of fracture

Open

1.45

0.34 – 6.17

0.70#

0.59

0.07 – 5.28

1.00#

 

Closed

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Working

Yes

0.14

0.03 – 0.67

0.006*

0.90

0.21 – 3.86

1.00#

 

No

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Using pain medication

Yes

4.75

1.38 – 16.37

0.015#*

11.20

2.05 – 61.23

0.004#*

 

No

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Previous injury

No

0.78

0.16 – 3.92

1.00#

0.67

0.08 – 5.92

1.00#

 

Yes

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Smoking status

Smoker

1.47

0.16 – 13.57

1.00#

~

~

~

 

Ex smoker

0.56

0.16 – 1.94

0.52#

0.31

0.07 – 1.41

0.14#

 

Non smoker

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  

Rehabilitation

PT alone

1.78

0.44 – 7.27

0.49#

0.92

0.14 – 5.92

1.00#

 

OT alone

~

~

~

~

~

~

 

Both

1.35

0.13 – 13.47

1.00#

0.54

0.04 – 6.84

0.54#

 

Neither

1.00 (ref)

  

1.00 (ref)

  
  1. † OR is the odds ratio for moderate to very severe versus non to mild disability
  2. CI Confidence interval
  3. ‡ OR is the odds ratio for moderate to very severe pain versus non to mild pain
  4. # Fisher's exact test utilized
  5. ~ Unable to calculate OR due to zero cells
  6. * Significant P value