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Table 3 Final rating and description of the clinimetric properties of the studied instruments.

From: The clinimetric qualities of patient-assessed instruments for measuring chronic ankle instability: A systematic review

Clinimetric property

Item rating

AJFAT1

Item rating

FAOS2

Item rating

FADI3

Item rating

FAAM4

Content validity

?

No information

±

Item selection and reduction by patients (n = 213)

Experts: not involved

+

Experts and patients were involved in item generation and reduction

+

Experts and patients were involved in item generation and reduction

Readability

?

No information

?

No information

?

No information

?

No information

Reliability

?

No information

+

subscale pain: rs = .96; subscale symptoms: rs = .89; subscale ADL: rs = .85; subscale sports: rs = .92; subscale quality of life: rs = .92

+

FADI involved ankles: ICC = .89, SEM = 2.61;

FADI uninvolved ankles: ICC = .85, SEM = 0.82

FADI Sport involved ankles: ICC = .84, SEM = 5.32;

FADI Sport uninvolved ankles: ICC = .94, SEM = 0.99

+

ADL subscale: ICC = .89; SEM = 2,1 points

Sport subscale: ICC = .87; SEM = 4,5 points

Internal consistency

?

No information

-

subscale pain: α = .94; subscale symptoms: α = .88; subscale ADL: α = .97;

subscale sports: α = .94; subscale "quality of life": α = .92

?

No information

-

Cronbach alpha for ADL subscale: α = .96 in stable group (n = 79); in changed group: α = .98 (n = 164)

Cronbach alpha for Sport subscale from a combined sample: α = .98

Construct validity

?

No information

+

Correlation of the 5 subscales to the KS: r = between .58 – .67

?

No information

+

Correlation with SF-36 physical component: ADL subscale: r = .84; Sport subscale: r = .78

Correlation with SF-36 mental function: ADL subscale: r = .18; Sport subscale: r = .11

Responsiveness

+

Significant difference after 4 weeks of balance training: pre experimental score = 17.11 (± 3.44) post experimental score = 25.78 (± 3.8); ES = 2.52 (n = 13 patients)

?

No information

+

FADI; significant difference after 6 weeks of training: pre training score =87.1% (± 12,1) post training score = 94.4% (± 6,1) ES = 0.52 (n =16 subjects)

FADI Sport; significant difference after 6 weeks of training: pre training score = 78.4% (± 12,9)post training score = 89.5% (± 11,3; ES = 0.71 (n = 16 subjects)

MDC FADI = ± 4,48 points;

MDC FADI Sport = ± 6,39 points

+

Significant change in ADL subscale percentage score in group expected tochange after 4 weeks: pre = 58,0% (± 24,8); post = 74,9% (± 20,0)compared to the group expected to remain stable: pre = 91,5% (± 13,6);post = 92,6% (± 13,2) (p < .001)

Significant change in Sport subscale percentage score in group expected to change after 4 weeks: pre = 25,2% (± 26,7); post = 43,9% (± 30,0) compared to the group expected to remain stable: pre = 78,6% (± 23,8); post = 81,9% (± 23,3) (p < .001)

Responsiveness

       

GRI of ADL subscale = 2.75; Sport subscale = 1.40 MDC of ADL subscale = ± 5.7 points; Sport subscale = ± 12.3 points

Interpretability

+

Means and sds. of AJFAT scores were presented.

A significant improvement on the AJFAT score was accompanied with significant improvement on postural balance in trained patients

?

No information

+

Moderate correlation (r = .64) between FADI scores and FADI Sport scores in involved ankles of the chronically unstable ankle group

Involved ankles of the chronically unstable ankle group have significantly worse scores on FADI- and FADI Sport than healthy controls.

+

Means and medians of ADL subscale scores and Sport subscale scores were presented

No significant change in scores of group expected to remain stable; significant change in scores of group expected to change

Strong correlations between ADL subscale scores and Sport subscale scores and SF-36 physical component

Weak correlations between ADL subscale scores and Sport subscale scores and SF-36 mental component

Patients who perceived themselves as being improved showed an increased score of respectively 8 (ADL subscale) and 9 points (Sport subscale)

MCID

-

No MCID presented

-

No MCID presented

-

No MCID presented

+

MCID of ADL subscale = 8 points; Sports subscale = 9 points

Administration burden

+

Total score is the result of summing up individual items

±

Raw scores are transformed into a zero to 100 total score

±

Total score is transformed into percentages

±

Total score is transformed into percentages

Administration time

?

No information

+

Less than 10 minutes

?

No information

?

No information

  1. AJFAT = Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool; FAOS = Foot and Ankle Outcome Score; FADI = the Foot and Ankle Disability Index; FAAM = Foot and Ankle Ability Measure; 1 = Rozzi et al, 1999; 2 = Roos et al, 2001; 3 = Hale and Hertel, 2005; 4 = Martin et al, 2005; MCID = minimal clinical important difference; ADL = Activities of Daily living