|
Characteristic
|
Total group (n = 277)
| |
Fallers (n = 42)
| |
Non fallers (n = 235)
| |
p-value
|
|---|
| |
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
| |
|---|
|
Sex (female)
|
72
|
200
|
88
|
37
|
69
|
163
|
0.013*
|
|
Age, mean (range) years
|
67.1 (50–91) †
| |
69.9 (51–86)†
| |
66.6 (50–91)†
| |
0.069
|
|
Living at home
|
93
|
254
|
91
|
38
|
94
|
216
|
0.478
|
|
Low energy trauma
|
89
|
246
|
100
|
42
|
87
|
204
|
0.012*
|
|
Bone Mineral Density
§
| | | | | | | |
|
Normal (Tscore > -1)
|
24
|
61
|
19
|
7
|
25
|
54
|
0.438
|
|
Osteopenia (Tscore ≤ -1 and > -2.5)
|
47
|
119
|
47
|
17
|
47
|
102
|
0.945
|
|
Osteoporosis (Tscore ≤ -2.5)
|
29
|
72
|
33
|
12
|
28
|
60
|
0.323
|
|
Weight, mean (range) kg
|
71.8 (40–120)†
| |
71.9 (45–115)†
| |
71.8 (40–120)†
| |
0.945
|
|
Fracture type
| | | | | | | |
|
Upper extremity
|
43
|
119
|
36
|
15
|
44
|
104
|
0.430
|
|
Lower extremity
|
48
|
134
|
57
|
24
|
47
|
110
|
0.305
|
|
Trunk
|
5
|
15
|
5
|
2
|
6
|
13
|
0.922
|
|
Multiple fractures
|
3
|
9
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
8
|
0.899
|
|
Diabetes
|
17
|
47
|
24
|
10
|
16
|
37
|
0.200
|
|
Orthostatic hypotension **
|
12
|
33
|
19
|
8
|
11
|
25
|
0.235
|
|
Medication
| | | | | | | |
|
Antihypertensive
|
32
|
89
|
41
|
17
|
31
|
72
|
0.337
|
|
Benzodiazepines
|
9
|
26
|
14
|
6
|
9
|
20
|
0.473
|
|
Antidepressive
|
9
|
26
|
12
|
5
|
9
|
21
|
0.750
|
|
Anti-rheumatics
|
5
|
13
|
7
|
3
|
4
|
10
|
0.649
|
|
Fall risk factors
| | | | | | | |
|
Mobility (TGUGT)‡
|
59
|
164
|
71
|
30
|
57
|
134
|
0.080
|
|
≥2 falls in previous year‡
|
30
|
84
|
43
|
18
|
28
|
66
|
0.055
|
|
Use of benzodiazepines‡
|
10
|
28
|
10
|
4
|
10
|
24
|
0.891
|
|
ADL difficulties‡
|
31
|
85
|
50
|
21
|
27
|
64
|
0.003*
|
|
Osteoarthritis‡
|
34
|
95
|
31
|
13
|
35
|
82
|
0.620
|
|
Visual impairment‡
|
18
|
50
|
24
|
10
|
17
|
40
|
0.292
|
|
Urinary incontinence‡
|
18
|
50
|
29
|
12
|
16
|
38
|
0.054
|
|
Parkinson's disease‡
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0.548
|
- * significant: p < .05
-
§ results of 252 subjects
- ** (20 mmHg drop in systolic BP and/or 10 mmHg drop in diastolic BP 1 minute after standing)
-
†Mean (range)
-
‡Fall risk factor according to the Dutch guideline on fall prevention (TGUGT: Timed Get Up and Go Test: cut off at 12 seconds; ADL difficulties: fall risk if he or she had difficulties with a least two out of the three following questions of Gronigen Activity Restriction Scale: a) Can you, fully independently, go up and down the stairs; b) Can you, fully independently, walk outdoors (if necessary with a cane); and c) Can you, fully independently, take care of your feet and toenails?; Visual impaiment: cut off at visual acuity less than 0.4;
