Obesity and pronated foot type may increase the risk of chronic plantar heel pain: a matched case-control study

Table 2 Case and control group results for all univariate comparisons

Variable	Case group	Control group	P value
Height (m)¹	1.69 (0.09)	1.69 (0.08)	.504
Weight (kg)¹	84.8 (17.4)	79.0 (16.0)	.029
Body mass index (kg/m²)¹	29.8 (5.4)	27.5 (4.9)	.005
Foot posture index¹	2.4 (3.3)	1.1 (2.3)	.004
Standing heel rise test (repetitions)¹	17.3 (9.7)	14.4 (8.7)	.050
Dorsiflexion lunge test (°)¹	45.1 (7.1)	40.5 (6.6)	<.001
Occupational rating scale²
Sitting	6 (2)	4 (4)	.578
Standing	6 (4)	6 (4)	.907
Uneven ground	1 (2)	2 (2)	.092
Squatting	1 (2)	1 (2)	.028
Climbing	2 (4)	0 (2)	.558
Lifting or carrying	2 (2)	2 (2)	.236
Weight carried	1 (2)	2 (1)	.003
Total score	17 (12)	22 (11)	.108

¹ Data are mean (S.D.), and differences between groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests.
² Data are median (interquartile range), and differences between the groups were analysed using Mann Whitney U-tests. Occupational rating scale subscales can range from 0 (lowest level of lower limb stress) to 10 (highest level of lower limb stress).

ISSN: 1471-2474