Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

• SC present at rest or elicited by movement

• Prior fractures and/or surgery of the shoulder

• SC episode lasting no longer than 3 months

• (Suspected) referred pain from internal organs

• First episode of SC for 12 months

• SCs with a confirmed extrinsic cause

• Newly presented episode (no prior consultations or treatments for this episode in the previous three months)

• Inability to complete a questionnaire independently

• Older than 18 years

• Presence of dementia or other severe psychiatric abnormalities

• Living in the south of the Netherlands