Radicular type (n = 87) | Cauda Equina type (n = 50) | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) > 50 | 94.3% | 96.0% | 1.46 | 0.27 – 7.84 | 0.655 |
Gender (Female) | 51.7% | 56.0% | 1.20 | 0.60 – 2.38 | 0.608 |
Symptoms | |||||
Leg pain or numbness (+) | 97.7% | 96.0% | 0.56 | 0.08 – 4.14 | 0.569 |
Low back pain (+) | 65.5% | 62.0% | 0.86 | 0.42 – 1.77 | 0.679 |
Worse when walking but relieved by taking a rest | 96.6% | 96.0% | 0.86 | 0.14 – 5.31 | 0.868 |
Numbness in both legs (+) | 11.5% | 82.0% | 35.08 | 13.20 – 93.19 | < 0.001 |
Numbness in the soles of both feet (+) | 6.9% | 78.0% | 47.86 | 16.49 – 138.9 | < 0.001 |
Numbness around the buttocks (+) | 11.5% | 68.0% | 6.36 | 6.74 – 39.73 | < 0.001 |
Numbness without pain | 10.3% | 37.0% | 5.31 | 2.17 – 13.01 | < 0.001 |
A burning sensation around the buttocks | 6.9% | 34.0% | 6.95 | 2.52 – 19.19 | < 0.001 |
Walking nearly causes urination | 4.6% | 26.0% | 7.29 | 2.23 – 23.86 | < 0.001 |
Worse when standing for a while | 92.0% | 82.0% | 0.40 | 0.14 – 1.15 | 0.08 |
Symptoms improve on bending forward | 86.2% | 74.0% | 0.46 | 0.19 – 1.10 | 0.07 |
Physical Examination | |||||
Straight Leg Raising test positive | 21.8% | 22.0% | 1.01 | 0.44 – 2.34 | 0.983 |
Symptoms induced by having patients bend forward (+) | 19.5% | 22.0% | 1.16 | 0.49 – 2.73 | 0.731 |
Symptoms induced by having patients bend backward (+) | 63.2% | 58.0% | 0.80 | 0.39 – 1.64 | 0.546 |
Abnormal manual muscle strength test 1) | 9.2% | 12.0% | 1.35 | 0.44 – 4.13 | 0.602 |
Sensory disturbance | |||||
(-) | 49.4% | 50.0% | reference | ||
(+) 2) | 43.7% | 46.0% | 1.40 | 0.82 – 2.38 | 0.214 |
Missing data | 6.9% | 4.0% | 0.56 | 0.11 – 2.90 | 0.486 |
Achilles tendon reflex | |||||
Normal | 65.5% | 30.0% | reference | ||
Abnormal 3) | 27.6% | 66.0% | 5.10 | 2.41 – 10.79 | < 0.001 |
Missing data | 6.9% | 4.0% | 0.56 | 0.11 – 2.90 | 0.486 |
Patellar tendon reflex | |||||
Normal | 63.2% | 62.0% | reference | ||
Abnormal 3) | 29.9% | 34.0% | 1.21 | 0.57 – 2.54 | 0.617 |
Missing data | 6.9% | 4.0% | 0.56 | 0.11 – 2.90 | 0.486 |