The association of comorbidities, utilization and costs for patients identified with low back pain

Table 5 Annualized Total Cost Weight Least Squares Regression Model N= 16,547 Adjusted R² = 0.3163

Variable Label	Parameter Estimate	Standard Error	P-Value
Intercept	-1241.14	119.66	<.0001
Male	-294.21	50.95	<.0001
Age 25 – 34	-164.83	137.67	0.23
Age 35 – 44	-109.54	126.44	0.81
Age 45 – 54	30.81	132.77	0.02
Age 55 – 64	302.04	132.77	<.0001
Age 65 – 74	1203.64	138.42	<.0001
Age 75 – 85	1936.07	156.66	<.0001
Age > 85	1800.55	238.81	<.0001
Diagnosis Category II	120.44	83.86	0.15
Diagnosis Category III	156.54	99.26	0.11
Diagnosis Category IV	2001.02	152.28	<.0001
Anxiety	827.58	79.58	<.0001
Psychotic Illness	1571.03	162.47	<.0001
Depression	1430.44	76.67	<.0001
Asthma/COPD	660.79	79.00	<.0001
Diabetes	2937.67	114.06	<.0001
GI Disorder	1013.77	76.72	<.0001
HD/Hypertension	1339.12	63.83	<.0001
Rheumatoid Arthritis	1625.42	124.42	<.0001
Thyroid Disorder	250.62	94.15	0.007
Opiate dispense	911.93	64.47	<.0001
NSAID dispense	524.73	59.74	<.0001

*Reference Categories include in the intercept parameter estimate were Female, Age 18–25, and Diagnosis Category I.

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