Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on thermal pain sensitivity: an experimental study

Table 2 First pain hypoalgesia for stationary bicycle, lumbar extension, and spinal manipulation.

Variable	Stationary Bicycle (n = 20)	Lumbar Extension (n = 20)	Spinal Manipulation (n = 20)	Partial Eta-square#	p-value#
Lumbar Innervated*
NRS Change @ 47°C	13.2 (17.2)^$	12.9 (17.9)^$	23.5 (17.3)^$	0.08	0.101
NRS Change @ 49°C	1.2 (20.2)	6.3 (22.4)	12.1 (19.7)^$	0.05	0.268
Cervical Innervated^
NRS Change @ 47°C	-3.0 (13.7)	0.3 (11.6)	0.3 (10.2)	0.02	0.645
NRS Change @ 49°C	1.9 (9.0)	-0.4 (10.1)	1.7 (10.8)	0.01	0.720

Key
NRS = Numerical rating scale
All data are reported as mean (standard deviation) ratings.
Negative numbers indicate increased pain following treatment.
# – Significance and partial eta-square estimate are for the interaction between type of treatment and first pain hypoalgesia
* – Significant overall main effect for lower extremity hypoalgesia at 47°C (F_1,57 = 53.8, p < 0.001) and at 49°C (F_1,57 = 5.9, p = 0.018)
^$ – Significant within group effect for hypoalgesia (p < 0.05)
^ – No significant main effect for upper extremity hypoalgesia at 47°C (F_1,57 = 0.4, p = 0.525) and at 49°C (F_1,57 = 0.6, p = 0.424)

ISSN: 1471-2474