Table 1 Descriptive statistics for sample
From: Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on thermal pain sensitivity: an experimental study
Variable | Stationary Bicycle (n = 20) | Lumbar Extension (n = 20) | Spinal Manipulation (n = 20) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 23.9 (3.4) | 24.1 (2.6) | 24.1 (3.6) | 0.975 |
Sex (# female, %) | 12 (60%) | 14 (70%) | 14 (70%) | 0.741 |
Worst pain experienced (NRS) | 68.9 (18.5) | 64.0 (21.8) | 59.7 (25.9) | 0.436 |
Fear of pain (FPQ) | 82.6 (16.7) | 75.1 (13.3) | 77.5 (22.6) | 0.406 |
Pain catastrophizing (CSQ-R) | 7.6 (3.1) | 7.2 (3.7) | 7.5 (3.8) | 0.955 |
Anxiety (STAI) | 45.3 (10.4) | 45.5 (11.6) | 45.2 (10.7) | 0.996 |
Anxiety sensitivity (ASI) | 19.8 (7.6) | 16.0 (7.1) | 16.0 (7.2) | 0.230 |
Pain threshold (degrees Celsius) | 44.7 (2.4) | 45.4 (2.2) | 44.8 (2.5) | 0.589 |
Pain threshold rating (NRS) | 25.0 (21.0) | 28.8 (19.0) | 21.3 (15.1) | 0.443 |