The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index demonstrates factor, construct and longitudinal validity

Table 3 Correlations comparing the SPADI with different pain coping subscales (strategies) and joint irritability

	Diverting attention	Reinterpreting Pain Sensations	Coping Self Statements	Ignoring Sensations	Praying/Hoping	Catastrophizing	Increase Behavioural Act	Joint Irritability VAS
Baseline
Pain	0.16	0.11	0.10	-0.05	0.32**	0.39**	0.13	0.64**
Disability	0.29**	0.15	0.13	0.05	0.42**	0.41**	0.26**	0.63**
Total	0.24**	0.14	0.12	0.01	0.40**	0.42**	0.21*	0.67**
3-months
Pain	0.07	-0.04	0.17	0.08	0.24*	0.41**	0.09
Disability	0.22*	0.15	0.14	0.11	0.33**	0.50**	0.23*
Total	0.15	0.06	0.17	0.10	0.30**	0.48**	0.16
6-months
Pain	0.14	0.07	0.23*	0.17	0.29**	0.41**	0.17
Disability	0.19	0.09	0.27**	0.21*	0.29**	0.47**	0.15
Total	0.17	0.08	0.26**	0.20*	0.31**	0.47**	0.17

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). According to Cohen (1987) the effect sizes for correlation coefficients are r ≈ 0.10 is small effect with negligible practical importance, r ≈ 0.30 is a medium effect with moderate practical importance and r ≈ 0.50 is a large effect of crucial practical importance [22].

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