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Table 2 Average (SD) failure force (N), elongation (mm), and energy absorbed (J) for whiplash-exposed human cervical ligaments. Mechanical property data were obtained at an average peak elongation rate of 725 (SD 95) mm/s. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among ligaments are indicated in the column Significant. A blank entry indicates no significant difference was observed.

From: Neck ligament strength is decreased following whiplash trauma

 

Failure force

Significant

Failure elongation

Significant

Energy absorbed

Significant

ALL

132.2 (70.1)

 

3.0 (0.8)

CL,ISL+SSL

0.21 (0.19)

CL

MTD

71.6 (59.6)

LF

1.4 (0.1)

PLL,CL,ISL+SSL

0.04 (0.30)

CL

PLL

149.4 (54.1)

ISL+SSL

3.9 (1.2)

MTD

0.29 (0.13)

 

CL

177.5 (73.1)

ISL+SSL

4.5 (1.4)

ALL,MTD,LF

0.44 (0.25)

ALL,MTD,ISL+SSL

LF

204.6 (85.1)

MTD,ISL+SSL

3.4 (0.8)

CL,ISL+SSL

0.27 (0.11)

 

ISL+SSL

67.6 (52.3)

PLL,CL,LF

4.9 (1.3)

ALL,MTD,LF

0.19 (0.16)

CL

  1. ALL: anterior longitudinal ligament, MTD: middle-third disc, PLL: posterior longitudinal ligament, CL: capsular ligament, LF: ligamentum flavum, ISL+SSL: interspinous and supraspinous ligaments.