Figure 3
From: Neck ligament strength is decreased following whiplash trauma
Ligament force vs. elongation curves, including the average physiological elongation shown by a vertical dashed line, and the physiological ligament elongation range (average ± SD), indicated by grey shading. The ligaments included A) anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), B) middle-third disc (MTD), C) posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), D) capsular ligament (CL), E) ligamentum flavum (LF), and F) interspinous and supraspinous ligaments (ISL+SSL).