Primary open anterior shoulder stabilization: a long-term, retrospective cohort study on the impact of subscapularis muscle alterations on recurrence

Table 2 Comparison of active shoulder range of motion at follow-up between operated side and contralateral side

	Operated side (N = 34)*	Contralateral side (N = 26)*	Mean difference	P Value†
Flexion (°)	178.7 (155-180)	180.4 (180-190)	-1.7	0.317
Extension (°)	59.7 (25-90)	61.7 (35-90)	-2.0	0.066
Abduction (°)	169.3 (90-180)	174 (130-180)	-4.7	0.197
Lat. elevation (°)	177.6 (160-180)	178.5 (160-190)	-0.9	0.414
IR‡	5.6 (2-10)	4.8 (1-8)	0.8	0.437
ER1 (°)	60.6 (35-80)	70.6 (40-90)	-10.0	<0.001
ER2 (°)	78.5 (50-100)	91.2 (70-110)	-12.7	<0.001

*Values are expressed as mean (range).
†P values were obtained by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
‡Number of the thoracic vertebra reached by the thumb: the first thoracic vertebra is numbered 1, proceeding to the twelfth thoracic vertebra, which is numbered 12.
Contralateral side: values from contralateral pathological shoulders (five non-operated unstable shoulders and three surgically stabilized shoulders) were excluded for the data analysis to obtain a healthy shoulder group for comparison. Lat. elevation: lateral elevation. IR: internal rotation. ER1: external rotation with arm held at side. ER2: external rotation with shoulder abducted to 90°.

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