Primary open anterior shoulder stabilization: a long-term, retrospective cohort study on the impact of subscapularis muscle alterations on recurrence

Table 1 Demographics, injury characteristics, and preoperative Constant-Murley shoulder score of the study patients

		Study cohort N = 35	Abnormal histology 12 patients (34.3%)	Normal histology 23 patients (65.7%)	P Value*
Age (y) at	First dislocation	22.3 (13-53)	20.9 (13-37)	23.0 (13-53)	0.555
	Surgery	27.2 (16.8-54.9)	27.4 (16.8-43.2)	27.1 (17.3-54.9)	0.404
	Follow-up	40.1 (30.1-67.9)	40.5 (30.5-56.5)	39.9 (30.1-67.9)	0.404
Delay (y)	First dislocation–surgery	5.0 (1.1-28.5)	6.5 (1.3-28.5)	4.2 (1.1-15.2)	0.555
	Surgery-follow-up	12.9 (10.9-14.5)	13.1 (12.0-13.9)	12.8 (10.9-14.5)	0.404
Male sex		25 (71.4%)	6 (50.0%)	19 (82.6%)	0.059
Right side injured		14 (40.0%)	4 (33.3%)	10 (43.5%)	0.721
Dominant side injured		13 (37.1%)	5 (41.7%)	8 (34.8%)	0.726
Major trauma		34 (97.1%)	12 (100.0%)	22 (95.7%)	1.000
Number of preoperative dislocations					0.768
	1	1 (2.9%)	0	1 (4.3%)
	2-5	12 (34.3%)	4 (33.3%)	8 (34.8%)
	6-10	4 (11.4%)	2 (16.7%)	2 (8.7%)
	>10	18 (51.4%)	6 (50.0%)	12 (52.2%)
Preoperative BMI (kg/m²)		23.5 (16.8-30)	23.1 (16.8-28.1)	23.7 (19.5-30.0)	0.903
Preoperative ASA grade 1-2		35 (100.0%)	12 (100.0%)	23 (100.0%)	1.000
Preoperative constant		80.9 (52-100)	78.0 (53-97)	82.3 (52-100)	0.044

*P values were obtained by using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact and Pearson’s chi-squared tests for categorical variables.
Values are expressed as mean (range) for ages, delays, BMI, and Constant-Murley shoulder score, and N (%) for other variables.
Abnormal histology is defined as histopathologic changes within the substance of the subscapularis muscle compatible with a scarring process associated with disuse atrophy. Normal histology is defined as the absence of the above-mentioned anomalies. Preoperative BMI: preoperative Body Mass Index. Preoperative ASA grade: preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. Preoperative Constant: preoperative Constant-Murley shoulder score.

ISSN: 1471-2474