Model | Â | RRR [95% CI] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects | Â | Weak-moderate analgesics | Strong analgesics | NSAIDs | |||
 | n | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
Age Group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
30-44 | 224 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
15-29 | 448 | 0.33 [0.19, 0.57] | 0.32 [0.18, 0.57] | 0.20 [0.10, 0.38] | 0.20 [0.10, 0.40] | 0.30 [0.20, 0.45] | 0.30 [0.20, 0.46] |
45-59 | 428 | 1.07 [0.67, 1.17] | 1.32 [0.81, 2.15] | 0.79 [0.48, 1.30] | 1.04 [0.62, 1.78] | 0.81 [0.56, 1.18] | 0.83 [0.54, 1.22] |
60-74 | 181 | 0.87 [0.51, 1.46] | 1.19 [0.67, 2.13] | 0.42 [0.22, 0.78] | 0.71 [0.35, 1.42] | 0.34 [0.21, 0.53] | 0.35 [0.22, 0.57] |
75+ | 63 | 0.76 [0.40, 1.47] | 1.01 [0.50, 2.05] | 0.11 [0.03, 0.37] | 0.18 [0.05, 0.64] | 0.04 [0.02, 0.11] | 0.05 [0.02, 0.13] |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 793 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 551 | 1.32 [0.94, 1.86] | 1.45 [1.02, 2.09] | 1.10 [0.74, 1.62] | 1.31 [0.85, 2.01] | 0.77 [0.58, 1.01] | 0.95 [0.70, 1.28] |
Previous musculoskeletal consultationa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 1181 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 163 | 1.10 [0.64, 1.90] | 0.86 [0.47, 1.58] | 1.23 [0.67, 2.27] | 0.98 [0.49, 1.95] | 1.24 [0.80, 1.93] | 0.93 [0.57, 1.54] |
Previous analgesic prescriptionb | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 1100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 244 | 1.64 [1.03, 2.61] | 1.88 [1.11, 3.10] | 1.49 [0.88, 2.56] | 1.72 [0.94, 3.16] | 1.58 [1.07, 2.35] | 1.74 [1.11, 2.71] |
Pain Region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Back | 465 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Knee | 144 | 0.13 [0.06, 0.26] | 0.11 [0.05, 0.23] | 0.08 [0.03, 0.21] | 0.08 [0.03, 0.23] | 0.54 [0.34, 0.87] | 0.65 [0.40, 1.08] |
Hip | 68 | 0.72 [0.29, 1.77] | 0.61 [0.24, 1.55] | 0.53 [0.19, 1.48] | 0.62 [0.21, 1.81] | 1.18 [0.55, 2.56] | 1.59 [0.71, 3.55] |
Foot and Ankle | 94 | 0.21 [0.09, 0.47] | 0.17 [0.07, 0.39] | 0.11 [0.04, 0.35] | 0.10 [0.03, 0.32] | 0.63 [0.37, 1.12] | 0.61 [0.34, 1.10] |
Arm | 105 | 0.12 [0.05, 0.26] | 0.10 [0.05, 0.23] | 0.02 [0.00, 0.14] | 0.02 [0.00, 0.13] | 0.40 [0.24, 0.67] | 0.40 [0.24, 0.69] |
Shoulder | 129 | 0.22 [0.11, 0.45] | 0.18 [0.09, 0.37] | 0.21 [0.10, 0.47] | 0.18 [0.08, 0.40] | 0.62 [0.38, 1.05] | 0.56 [0.33, 0.96] |
Neck | 93 | 0.49 [0.23, 1.06] | 0.50 [0.23, 1.12] | 0.76 [0.35, 1.61] | 0.83 [0.37, 1.84] | 0.81 [0.43, 1.54] | 0.82 [0.42, 1.62] |
Other/unspecified | 246 | 0.36 [0.22, 0.57] | 0.32 [0.20, 0.53] | 0.17 [0.10, 0.32] | 0.18 [0.10, 0.34] | 0.34 [0.22, 0.51] | 0.38 [0.25, 0.59] |
Comorbidityc | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 63 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | 1281 | 1.18 [0.57, 2.44] | 1.49 [0.68, 3.26] | 1.18 [0.50, 2.76] | 1.40 [0.56, 3.53] | 1.89 [1.30, 3. 57] | 1.89 [0.96, 3.73] |
Deprivation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Most | 624 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 508 | 0.85 [0.58, 1.26] | 0.75 [0.49, 1.13] | 0.85 [0.58, 1.33] | 0.76 [0.47, 1.22] | 1.17 [0.86, 1.61] | 1.19 [0.85, 1.67] |
Least | 212 | 0.74 [0.44, 1.23] | 0.58 [0.33, 1.01] | 0.58 [0.31, 1.09] | 0.45 [0.23, 0.88] | 1.02 [0.68, 1.54] | 1.00 [0.64, 1.56] |
Staff category | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Other | 227 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
GP | 1117 | 0.79 [0.47, 1.04] | 0.81 [0.47, 1.39] | 1.86 [1.12, 3.09] | 1.74 [1.01, 3.02] | 1.25 [0.84, 1.86] | 1.17 [0.77, 1.79] |
Random effect | Adjusted VARIANCE [standard error] | ||||||
Practice | Â | 0.27 [0.13] |