Skip to main content

Table 2 Inter-rater reliability and measurement error of commonly used clinical tests of the spine (continuous variables)

From: Screening of the spine in adolescents: inter- and intra-rater reliability and measurement error of commonly used clinical tests

Examination (missing values)

Measurement error

Reliability

 

Range (cm)

đ (cm)

LoA (cm)

SEoM

ICC [2, 1] (95% CI)

General mobility

     

  Lateral flexion FFD

R (1)

28.5, 57.5

2.56

-9.8, 15.0

4.4

0.47 (0.29, 0.62)

 

L

32.5, 58.5

1.38

-9.1, 11.9

3.7

0.57 (0.43, 0.69)

  Forward flexion FFD

(3)

0, 32.0

-0.72

-9.0, 7.6

2.9

0.91 (0.87, 0.94)

  1. Range = lowest and highest measured value; đ = mean difference between ratings (systematic error); LoA = Limits of Agreement; SEoM = standard error of measurement; CI = confidence interval; FFD = finger-floor-distance; R = right; L = left; ICC = interclass correlation coefficient. Clinically acceptable ICC in bold.