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Table 3 (a) Hazard ratios (HR) of risk factors associated with survival time using Cox model, (b) sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHR) of risk factors associated with complication-free time using Fine and Gray’s model based on competing risk analysis

From: Mortality and complications of hip fracture in young adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study

 

Survival time

Complication-free time

 

Crudea

Adjustedb

Crudea

Adjustedb

HR (95% CI)

p- value

HR (95% CI)

p- value

sHR (95% CI)

p- value

sHR (95% CI)

p- value

Age

1.11 (1.08–1.14)

<0.001

1.08 (1.05–1.10)

<0.001

1.01 (1.00-1.02)

0.275

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

0.391

Gender

        

  Female

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

  Male

1.87 (1.30–2.67)

<0.001

1.60 (1.11–2.31)

0.012

0.97 (0.85-1.12)

0.683

1.04 (0.91-1.19)

0.584

Trochanteric

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

Cervical

0.68 (0.52–0.88)

0.003

0.84 (0.64–1.10)

0.196

1.76 (1.56-2.00)

<0.001

1.81 (1.60-2.06)

<0.001

Hemiarthroplasty

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

Internal fixation

0.52 (0.31–0.87)

0.013

0.87 (0.50–1.50)

0.610

0.69 (0.53-0.93)

0.011

0.93 (0.70-1.26)

0.632

CCI No.

        

  0

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

  1

5.27 (3.70–7.51)

<0.001

4.08 (2.84–5.86)

<0.001

1.51 (1.19-1.89)

<0.001

1.62 (1.27-2.03)

<0.001

  ≥ 2

19.19 (14.11–26.11)

<0.001

14.37 (10.43–19.81)

<0.001

1.59 (1.16-2.12)

0.003

1.68 (1.22-2.26)

0.001

  1. aCrude HR/sHR: univariable Cox model/ Fine and Gray’s model.
  2. bAdjusted HR/sHR: multivariable Cox model/ Fine and Gray’s model including age, gender, fracture type, operation type and CCI No.
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