Table 9 Individual, physical and psychosocial factors associated with LBP disability among Botswana school teachers

Gender

Male

1

Female

2.47

1.52-3.99

<0.001

Age (years)

≤30

1

31-40

1.39

0.77-2.51

0.280

41-50

1.53

0.74-3.20

0.255

>50

1.03

0.39-2.73

0.954

Body mass index

<18.5

1

18.5-24.9

1.19

0.49-2.88

0.707

25.0-29.9

1.63

0.66-4.00

0.291

≥30

1.80

0.72-4.49

0.208

Education level

Certificate

1

Diploma

0.88

0.39-2.02

0.769

Bachelor degree

0.53

0.22-1.29

0.160

Previous injury

No

1

Yes

3.01

1.92-4.74

<0.001

Tobacco smoking

Never smoked

1

Ex-smoker

0.36

0.13-1.02

0.054

Current smoker

1.64

0.53-5.09

0.393

School level

Primary school

1

Junior secondary

0.99

0.63-1.57

0.974

Senior secondary

0.83

0.38-1.85

0.656

Length of employment (years)

≥10

1

11-20

1.20

0.73-1.97

0.484

21-30

1.18

0.59-2.36

0.631

>30

1.22

0.35-4.34

0.755

Much physical effort

No

1

Yes

1.31

0.82-2.07

0.256

Lifting heavy loads

No

1

Yes

0.93

0.56-1.55

0.776

Rapid physical activity

No

1

Yes

1.31

0.85-2.03

0.220

Awkward body position

No

1

Yes

1.06

0.65-1.72

0.811

Awkward arm position

No

1

Yes

1.57

0.98-2.51

0.062

Psychosocial job demands

Low

1

High

1.31

0.79-2.17

0.295

Job insecurity

Low

1

High

1.31

0.86-1.98

0.211

Supervisor support

Low

1

High

0.74

0.50-1.09

0.123