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Table 3 Muscle strength

From: A 3-year school-based exercise intervention improves muscle strength - a prospective controlled population-based study in 223 children

Girls

 

Baseline

Between-group differences baseline

Annual changes

Between-group differences annual changes

 

Cases (n = 47)

Controls (n = 46)

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

P1-value

P2-value

Cases (n = 47)

Controls (n = 46)

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

P3-value

P4-value

Anthropometry (kg)

Height (cm)

128.0 (5.2)

129.9 (7.9)

-0.5 (-2.8, 1.9)

0.18

0.70

6.2 (5.9, 6.5)

6.0 (5.7, 6.3)

0.3 (-0.1, 0.03)

0.48

0.09

Weight (kg)

27.6 (5.5)

27.8 (5.6)

-0.2 (-2.1, 2.5)

0.90

0.84

4.1 (3.6, 4.5)

3.5 (3.1, 3.9)

0.4 (-0.01, 0.8)

0.04

0.05

BMI (kg/m2)

16.8 (3.0)

16.3 (1.9)

0.4 (-0.7, 1.4)

0.35

0.48

0.6 (0.4, 0.7)

0.4 (0.2, 0.5)

0.2 (0.01, 0.3)

0.02

0.04

Lean body mass (kg)

Total Body

19.8 (2.3)

20.4 (2.8)

-0.2 (-1.2, 0.8)

0.25

0.66

2.4 (2.2, 2.6)

2.3 (2.1, 2.5)

0.1 (-0.03, 0.3)

0.37

0.12

Legs

6.3 (1.0)

6.4 (1.2)

-0.03 (0.4, 0.5)

0.55

0.87

1.0 (0.9, 1.1)

1.0 (0.9, 1.0)

0.04 (-0.03, 0.1)

0.37

0.24

Arms

1.6 (0.3)

1.7 (0.4)

-0.1 (-0.2, 0.1)

0.10

0.20

0.3 (0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.2)

0.04 (-0.01, 0.1)

0.10

0.01

Fat mass (kg)

Total Body

4.8 (3.1)

5.0 (3.1)

0.2 (-1.5, 1.1)

0.76

0.76

1.6 (1.3, 1.9)

1.0 (0.7, 1.2)

0.5 (0.2, 0.9)

0.003

0.001

Legs

2.1 (1.1)

2.2 (1.2)

0.1 (-0.6, 0.4)

0.70

0.73

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.02

0.002

Arms

0.5 (0.4)

0.5 (0.4)

-0.04 (-0.2, 0.1)

0.68

0.66

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.03, 0.1)

0.1 (0.02, 0.1)

<0.001

0.03

Peak torque (Nm)

PTEx60

40.9 (9.7)

44.4 (9.8)

-1.6 (-5.2, 1.9)

0.09

0.36

10.5 (9.3, 11.8)

10.8 (9.7, 12.0)

-0.6 (-2.1, 0.8)

0.75

0.40

PTFl60

19.6 (5.1)

24.4 (6.2)

-4.1 (-6.4, -1.9)

<0.001

<0.001

6.3 (5.7, 7.0)

5.2 (4.6, 5.9)

1.0 (0.1, 1.9)

0.02

0.03

PTEx180

31.9 (7.9)

36.1 (7.4)

-2.8 (-5.7, 0.1)

0.01

0.06

7.4 (6.6, 8.2)

7.1 (6.4, 7.7)

0.3 (-0.6, 1.2)

0.54

0.57

PTFl180

16.9 (5.5)

22.1 (4.6)

-4.5 (-6.5, -2.5)

<0.001

<0.001

4.8 (4.2, 5.4)

4.1 (3.4, 4.7)

0.4 (0.5, 1.4)

0.10

0.35

Relative peak torque (Nm/Kg)

PTEx60

1.5 (0.3)

1.7 (0.3)

-0.1 (-0.2, 0.03)

0.03

0.13

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

-3.4 (-6.9, 0.2)

0.26

0.06

PTFl60

0.7 (0.2)

0.9 (0.1)

-0.2 (-0.2, -0.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.04, 0.1)

1.5 (-1.3, 4.3)

0.08

0.30

PTEx180

1.2 (0.2)

1.3 (0.2)

-0.1 (-0.2. -0.03)

0.001

<0.01

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

-1.0 (-3.2, 1.3)

0.91

0.41

PTFl180

0.6 (0.2)

0.8 (0.1)

-0.1 (-0.2, -0.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.1 (0.04, 0.1)

0.03 (0.02, 0.1)

-1.0 (-3.4, 1.5)

0.048

0.44

Boys

 

Baseline

Between-group differences baseline

Annual changes

Between-group differences annual changes

 

Cases (n = 76)

Controls (n = 54)

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

P 1 -Value

P 2 -Value

Cases (n = 76)

Controls (n = 54)

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

P 3 -Value

P 4 -Value

Anthropometry (kg)

Height (cm)

129.4 (6.6)

130.0 (6.8)

-0.2 (-1.8, 2.2)

0.62

0.83

5.5 (5.3, 5.6)

5.6 (5.4, 5.8)

0.1 (-0.2, 0.4)

0.32

0.53

Weight (kg)

28.4 (5.8)

27.8 (5.6)

1.2 (-0.6, 3.0)

0.54

0.20

3.5 (3.2, 3.8)

3.6 (3.3, 3.9)

-0.004 (-0.5, 0.4)

0.71

0.88

BMI (kg/m2)

16.8 (2.5)

16.3 (2.1)

0.7 (-0.1, 1.5)

0.21

0.11

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.5 (0.4, 0.6)

-0.1 (-0.3, 0.1)

0.30

0.32

Lean body mass (kg)

Total Body

21.8 (3.1)

21.6 (2.9)

0.5 (-0.4, 1.4)

0.72

0.27

2.2 (2.1, 2.3)

2.3 (2.2, 2.4)

-0.1 (-0.2, 0.1)

0.28

0.60

Legs

6.8 (1.3)

6.8 (1.3)

0.2 (-0.2, 0.6)

0.81

0.27

1.0 (0.9, 1.0)

1.1 (1.0, 1.1)

-0.1 (-0.1, -0.02)

0.05

0.16

Arms

1.8 (0.4)

1.8 (0.4)

0.04 (-0.1, 0.2)

0.90

0.47

0.3 (0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.2)

0.03 (-0.004, 0.1)

0.16

0.08

Fat mass (kg)

Total Body

3.8 (3.0)

3.7 (2.6)

0.3 (-0.7, 1.3)

0.81

0.56

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

1.1 (0.8, 1.3)

0.1 (-0.2, 0.4)

0.62

0.57

Legs

1.7 (1.1)

1.6 (0.9)

0.1 (-0.2, 0.5)

0.66

0.40

0.5 (0.4, 0.6)

0.4 (0.4, 0.5)

0.01 (-0.1, 0.1)

0.64

0.90

Arms

0.3 (0.3)

0.4 (0.4)

0.1 (-0.2, 0.1)

0.27

0.41

0.1 (0.1, 0.1))

0.1 (0.03, 0.1)

0.03 (-0.01, 0.1)

0.03

0.11

Peak torque (Nm)

PTEx60

43.9 (11.0)

44.6 (10.9)

0.6 (-2.5, 3.7)

0.71

0.70

9.8 (8.8, 10.7)

10.8 (9.6, 12.0)

-0.8 (-2.5, 0.9)

0.17

0.36

PTFl60

21.8 (6.7)

25.0 (6.7)

-2.4 (-4.5, -0.4)

0.01

0.02

7.1 (6.6, 7.7)

5.9 (5.3, 6.5)

1.9 (0.9, 2.9)

0.005

<0.001

PTEx180

35.9 (8.3)

35.8 (7.5)

1.1 (-1.1, 3.3)

0.90

0.34

7.0 (6.5, 7.5)

7.6 (7.0, 8.3)

-0.4 (-1.3, 0.5)

0.15

0.42

PTFl180

19.3 (5.5)

23.0 (5.1)

-3.2 (-4.9, -1.6)

<0.001

<0.001

5.6 (5.1, 6.1)

4.3 (3.8, 4.8)

1.5 (0.5, 2.5)

0.001

0.004

Relative peak torque (Nm/Kg)

PTEx60

1.6 (0.2)

1.7 (0.3)

-0.1 (-0.2, 0.01)

<0.05

0.10

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

-0.5 (-4.6, 3.6)

0.82

0.80

PTFl60

0.8 (0.2)

0.9 (0.2)

-0.1 (-0.2, -0.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.06, 0.1)

3.2 (0.6, 5.8)

<0.001

0.02

PTEx180

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.2)

-0.1 (-0.1, 0.02)

0.07

0.15

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.01)

0.8 (-3.2, 1.6)

0.62

0.51

PTFl180

0.7 (0.2)

0.9 (0.1)

-0.2 (-0.2, -0.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.03 (0.03, 0.1)

3.1 (0.7, 5.5)

<0.001

0.01

  1. Baseline data and annual changes in the subsample of girls and boys who were measured. Baseline data are presented as unadjusted means with standard deviation (SD). Group comparisons of baseline data were done unadjusted (p1) and adjusted for age at baseline (p2). Annual changes are presented as unadjusted means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Mean difference, in annual changes, are presented as adjusted mean (95% CI). Group comparison of annual changes is done unadjusted (p3) and (p4) adjusted for age at baseline, baseline parameter, annual change in height and Tanner stage at follow-up. Statistically significant changes are bolded.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

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