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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects

From: Visually assessed severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis is paradoxically associated with leg pain and objective walking ability

 

All patients (n = 80)

Moderate stenosis (n = 36)

Severe stenosis (n = 44)

P-value

Male/female

35/45 (43/56)

18/18 (50/50)

17/27 (39/61)

0.308

Marital status married or co-habiting

52 (65)

25 (69.5)

27 (61.3)

0.762

Current smoker

17 (21.3)

10 (27.7)

7 (16.0)

0.345

Previous lumbar operation

11 (13)

6 (16.7)

5 (11.4)

0.248

DepressedČť

17 (21)

6 (16.7)

11 (25.0)

0.365

Minimal dural sac areaɫ

56.1 (21.9)

72.1 (18.0)

43.0 (15.2)

0.000

Age

63.0 (11.0)

62.0 (11.6)

64.0 (10.8)

0.413

BMI (kg/m2)

29.6 (4.0)

29.5 (4.4)

29.8 (3.5)

0.746

Number of somatic diseases

5.3 (3.0)

5.6 (3.2)

5.1 (2.8)

0.445

ODI

44.7 (16.1)

45.4 (18.0)

44.1 (14.4)

0.731

VAS overall

33.3 (23.9)

34.6 (24.7)

31.9 (25.0)

0.523

NRS LBP

4.1 (2.6)

4.72 (2.6)

3.59 (2.4)

0.059

NRS LP

6.49 (2.6)

7.33 (2.29)

5.80 (2.72)

0.008

BDI score

10.4 (6.1)

9.78 (6.86)

10.93 (5.546)

0.233

Walking distance (m)

545 (445)

421 (431)

646 (436)

0.021

Foraminal stenosis (normal/moderate/severe)§

 

53/39/8

55/36/9

0.971

Multilevel stenosis yes/no§

 

53/47

70/30

0.104

Lumbar fusion yes§

 

33

66

0.258

  1. Note: Except where indicated, data are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses or means, ± standard deviations in parentheses.
  2. ȝBDI 15 or more points, ɫat the most stenotic level, mean (mm2), ± standard deviations in parentheses. ODI = Oswestry Disability Index (0–100), VAS overall = Visual analog pain scale (0–100), NRS LBP = Numerical rating scale low back pain at rest, scale (0–10), NRS LP = Numerical rating scale leg pain at walking, scale (0–10), BDI = Beck Depression Inventory (0–63), §Percentages.