Self-reported adult footwear and the risks of lower limb osteoarthritis: the GOAL case control study

Table 3 Women’s heels and risks of OA from the additional questionnaire

Additional questionnaire: Female heel types		Groups			Knee OA		Hip OA
Additional questionnaire: Female heel types		Control	Knee OA	Hip OA	Univariate	Adjusted	Univariate	Adjusted
20-29 yrs	Low or medium (ref)	96	84	101	0.56 (0.32 - 0.98)*	0.74 (0.40 - 1.37)	0.50 (0.29 - 0.87)*	0.55 (0.31 - 0.99)*
	High	51	25	27	0.56 (0.32 - 0.98)*	0.74 (0.40 - 1.37)	0.50 (0.29 - 0.87)*	0.55 (0.31 - 0.99)*
	Wide (ref)	57	55	72	0.54 (0.31 - 0.96)*	1.02 (0.57 - 1.82)	0.47 (0.27 - 0.80)**	0.68 (0.40 - 1.16)
	Narrow	61	32	36	0.54 (0.31 - 0.96)*	1.02 (0.57 - 1.82)	0.47 (0.27 - 0.80)**	0.68 (0.40 - 1.16)
20-39 yrs	Low or medium (ref)	90	82	96	0.64 (0.31 - 1.32)	0.77 (0.35 - 1.71)	0.63 (0.31 - 1.25)	0.71 (0.33 - 1.55)
	High	24	14	16	0.64 (0.31 - 1.32)	0.77 (0.35 - 1.71)	0.63 (0.31 - 1.25)	0.71 (0.33 - 1.55)
	Wide (ref)	93	57	76	0.62 (0.37 - 1.03)	0.86 (0.45 - 1.63)	0.50 (0.31 - 0.81)**	0.62 (0.34 - 1.13)
	Narrow	82	46	49	0.62 (0.37 - 1.03)	0.86 (0.45 - 1.63)	0.50 (0.31 - 0.81)**	0.62 (0.34 - 1.13)

Persistent users of women’s heels in early adulthood (20–39 years) and adulthood (20 – 39 years) are presented. Numbers of users from ages 20–49 were too low for meaningful analysis. OR (95% CI) and aOR (adjusted for age, BMI in 20’s, occupational risk and previous injury to index joint) are shown. Persistent users were defined as >50% user in every decade, and variable users were not assessed. **-p < 0.01, *-p < 0.05. Reference groups (ref) indicated within table. Statistical significance is highlighted in bold.

ISSN: 1471-2474