From: Self-reported adult footwear and the risks of lower limb osteoarthritis: the GOAL case control study
GOAL interview: Female heel types | Groups | Risk of knee OA | Risk of hip OA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Knee OA | Hip OA | Univariate | Adjusted | Univariate | Adjusted | ||
21-30 yrs | Low or flat (ref) | 374 | 379 | 401 | 0.52 (0.35 - 0.78)** | 0.76 (0.46 - 1.27) | 0.55 (0.37 - 0.81)** | 0.82 (0.44 - 1.17) |
High | 78 | 41 | 46 | |||||
Wide (ref) | 393 | 394 | 408 | 0.78 (0.56 - 1.08) | 0.99 (0.65 - 1.51) | 0.69 (0.48 - 0.93)* | 0.82 (0.54 - 1.24) | |
Narrow | 101 | 79 | 70 | |||||
21-50 yrs | Low or flat (ref) | 441 | 447 | 455 | 0.55 (0.33 - 0.90)* | 0.53 (0.27 - 1.01) | 0.43 (0.26 - 0.74)** | 0.64 (0.34 - 1.18) |
High | 47 | 26 | 21 | |||||
Wide (ref) | 410 | 429 | 432 | 0.69 (0.45 - 1.04) | 0.59 (0.35 - 1.00) | 0.54 (0.35 - 0.84)** | 0.50 (0.30 - 0.85)* | |
Narrow | 60 | 43 | 34 |