Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|
Pain confined to between lower ribs and inferior gluteal folds | History of tumors |
 | Spinal fractures |
Movement evoked pain | |
Aged 18–55 years old | |
Seeking healthcare for LBP | |
Acute – Pain present for less than 3 weeks on a history of no pain for at least 12 months | Surgery |
 | Neurological signs or symptoms |
Chronic – Pain present on at least 3 days per week for at least 52 weeks | Rhuematological or Neurological disease |
 | Known spinal deformity |