|
Randomisation?
|
Allocation concealed?
|
Patient blinding?
|
Care provider blinding?1
|
Outcome assessor blinding?2
|
Drop-outs described + acceptable?
|
Free of selective outcome report?
|
Groups similar at baseline?
|
Co-intervention avoided or similar?
|
Compliance acceptable?
|
Intention-to-treat analysis?
|
Similar timing outcome assessment?
|
---|
Study
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
Adorjàn-Schaumann 1999
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
UC
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Andersson 1999
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
Chown 2008
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
UC
|
LR 3
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
LR
|
Cruser 2012
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Gibson 1985
|
UC
|
UC
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
LR
|
Gundermann 2013
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
Heinze 2006
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Licciardone 2003
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
UC
|
UC
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
UC
|
LR
|
Licciardone 2009
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Licciardone 2013
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
UC
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Mandara 2008
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
HR
|
UC
|
LR
|
LR
|
UC
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
Recknagel 2007
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Peters 2006
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
Schwerla 2012
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
Vismara 2012
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
LR
|
HR
|
LR
|
-
1In manual therapy studies, blinding is not possible.
-
2For patient-reported outcomes, a low risk of bias is only possible if there is a low risk of bias for participant blinding.
-
3Comparison between osteopathic manipulative treatment and physiotherapy group is low risk, but comparison between osteopathic manipulative treatment and exercise group is high risk (due to high dropout rate). This comparison was therefore excluded from the review.
-
Abbreviations: HR High risk of bias, LR Low risk of bias, UC Unclear.