|
No. of participants
|
85
|
(57.4)
|
63
|
(42.6)
|
|
Age, years
| | | | |
|
Mean (SD)
|
46.9
|
(13.8)
|
48.8
|
(16.7)
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
47.6
|
(36.1, 56.9)
|
46.8
|
(33.5, 63.4)
|
|
Sex:
| | | | |
|
Male
|
28
|
(32.9)
|
22
|
(34.9)
|
|
Female
|
57
|
(67.1)
|
41
|
(65.1)
|
|
Ethnicity:
| | | | |
|
White
|
71
|
(83.5)
|
56
|
(88.9)
|
|
Mixed
|
3
|
(3.5)
|
2
|
(3.2)
|
|
Asian or Asian British
|
7
|
(8.2)
|
3
|
(4.8)
|
|
Black or Black British
|
3
|
(3.5)
|
2
|
(3.2)
|
|
Chinese
|
1
|
(1.2)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
|
Currently working:
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
45
|
(52.9)
|
35
|
(55.6)
|
|
No:
|
40
|
(47.1)
|
28
|
(44.4)
|
|
Retired
|
13
|
(31.7)
|
14
|
(46.7)
|
|
Stay at home
|
4
|
(9.8)
|
3
|
(10.0)
|
|
Unable to work due to low back pain
|
8
|
(19.5)
|
8
|
(26.7)
|
|
Unable to work due to other illness
|
6
|
(14.6)
|
2
|
(6.7)
|
|
Unemployed and looking for work
|
3
|
(7.3)
|
1
|
(3.3)
|
|
In full time education
|
2
|
(4.9)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
|
Others
|
5
|
(12.2)
|
2
|
(6.7)
|
|
Hours of paid work per week:
| | | | |
|
No. of participants
|
49
| |
38
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
31.8
|
(12.6)
|
30.2
|
(12.4)
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
37
|
(25, 40)
|
35
|
(21, 39)
|
|
Pain in lower back pain in the last four weeks:
|
|
Yes
|
85
|
(100.0)
|
63
|
(100.0)
|
|
If Yes:
| | | | |
|
Pain limit usual activities for more than one day:
|
|
Yes
|
70
|
(84.3)
|
54
|
(85.7)
|
|
No
|
13
|
(15.7)
|
9
|
(14.3)
|
|
Frequency of lower back pain:
| | | | |
|
On some days
|
4
|
(4.7)
|
4
|
(6.4)
|
|
On most days
|
13
|
(15.3)
|
12
|
(19.1)
|
|
Everyday
|
68
|
(80.0)
|
47
|
(74.6)
|
|
The length of time since free of low back pain for one whole month:
|
|
< 3 months ago
|
23
|
(27.4)
|
21
|
(33.3)
|
|
≥ 3 months ago but < 7 months ago
|
18
|
(21.4)
|
5
|
(7.9)
|
|
≥ 7 months ago but < 3 years ago
|
26
|
(31.0)
|
24
|
(38.1)
|
|
≥ 3 years ago
|
17
|
(20.2)
|
13
|
(20.6)
|
|
Pain down the leg:
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
62
|
(72.9)
|
46
|
(73.0)
|
|
No
|
23
|
(27.1)
|
17
|
(27.0)
|
|
If Yes:
| | | | |
|
Pain spread below the knee:
| | | | |
|
Yes
|
38
|
(62.3)
|
27
|
(58.7)
|
|
No
|
23
|
(37.7)
|
19
|
(41.3)
|
|
Roland Morris disability questionnaire (0–24, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
85
| |
63
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
10.66
|
5.9
|
10.6
|
5.3
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
11.0
|
(6.0, 14.0)
|
11.0
|
(6.0, 14.0)
|
|
Modified Von Korff disability score (0–100, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
84
| |
62
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
61.3
|
23.9
|
56.8
|
26.0
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
65.0
|
(48.3, 80.0)
|
58.3
|
(40.0, 76.7)
|
|
Modified Von Korff pain score (0–100, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
84
| |
63
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
68.5
|
20.3
|
67.1
|
17.2
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
73.3
|
(53.3, 83.3)
|
70.0
|
(56.7, 80.0)
|
|
Norm-based physical component score of SF-12 (0–100, 100 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
85
| |
55
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
34.6
|
9.5
|
35.1
|
9.0
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
33.5
|
(27.2, 42.8)
|
34.3
|
(29.0, 40.0)
|
|
Norm-based mental component score of SF-12 (0–100, 100 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
85
| |
55
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
42.6
|
12.8
|
44.4
|
12.2
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
42.7
|
(34.8, 53.6)
|
44.9
|
(37.2, 54.2)
|
|
Hospital anxiety and depression scale: anxiety (0–21, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
83
| |
60
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
7.6
|
4.4
|
7.5
|
4.2
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
7.0
|
(4.0, 11.0)
|
7
|
(4.5, 11.5)
|
|
Hospital anxiety and depression scale: depression (0–21, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
82
| |
59
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
7.2
|
4.7
|
7.2
|
5.0
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
6.5
|
(4.0, 10.0)
|
7
|
(3.0, 11.0)
|
|
Pain self-efficacy questionnaire (0–60, 60 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
82
| |
61
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
34.2
|
15.6
|
31.5
|
14.8
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
37.0
|
(24.0, 44.0)
|
32.0
|
(19.0, 45.0)
|
|
Fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (0–24, 0 = best)
|
|
No. of participants
|
85
| |
59
| |
|
Mean (SD)
|
14.3
|
5.9
|
15.5
|
5.5
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
15
|
(10.0, 18.0)
|
17
|
(12.0, 19.0)
|
