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Table 1 Details of the intervention randomized controlled trials in which at least one arm involved wrist arthroscopy or shoulder arthroscopy

From: Intervention randomized controlled trials involving wrist and shoulder arthroscopy: a systematic review

Author* (first) yr

Country

Diagnosis

Intervention 1

N 1

D/W

Intervention 2

N 2

W/D

Randomization method

Time of randomization

Outcomes

Blinding

Wrist

            

Kang 2008

USA

Dorsal ganglion

Arthroscopic excision

41

13

Open excision

31

8

Medical record Identifier (odd/even)

At presentation

Recurrence, residual pain, complications

NR

Leblebicioglu 2003

Turkey

Kienböck’s disease

Open scaphocapitate fusion and lunate revascularization

8

NR

Arthroscopic scapho-capitate fusion and capitate pole excision

8

NR

Last digit of Medical record (odd/even)

NR

Operative time, LOHS, time to fusion, ROM, grip, RTW

NR

Rocchi 2008

Italy

Volar ganglion

Open excision

25

2

Arthroscopic excision

25

1

Sealed envelopes

NR

ROM, grip, scar, pain, residual symptoms, recurrence

NR

Varitimidis 2008

Greece

Intra-articular distal radius fracture

Arthroscopic and fluroscopic assisted reduction + external fixation and percutaneous pinning

20

NR

Fluroscopic assisted reduction + external fixation and percutaneous pinning

20

NR

Sealed envelopes

NR

Mayo wrist score, DASH (primary), clinical wrist instability, grip, ROM, radiographs

NR

Shoulder

            

Archetti Netto 2012

Brazil

Traumatic anterior instability + isolated Bankart lesion

Arthroscopic repair

22

5

Open repair

28

3

Computer; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

DASH (primary), UCLA, Rowe, ROM

NR

Barber 2012

USA, Canada

Large rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic single- row repair + acellular human dermal matrix augmentation

22

NR

Arthroscopic single row repair

20

NR

Sealed envelopes

At surgery

ASES, UCLA, Constant, MRI, ROM, strength

Assessor (radiologist)

Berth 2010

Germany

Massive rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic partial rotator cuff repair

21

NR

Arthroscopic debride-ment + subacromial decompression

21

NR

Patient's option

NR

Constant, ROM, pain, DASH, ultrasound

NR

Bottoni 2002

USA

Acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations in young athletes

Arthroscopic stabilization

10

1

Nonoperative treatment (4 wks immobilization followed by supervised rehabilitation program)

14

2

Last digit social security number (odd/even)

NR

Recurrent instability, SANE, L'Insalata shoulder evaluation, satisfaction

NR

Bottoni 2006

USA

Recurrent anterior shoulder instability

Arthroscopic stabilization

32

0

Open stabilization

32

3

Sealed envelopes

NR

ROM, stability, SANE, SST, WOSI, UCLA, Rowe

Assessor (physiotherapist)

Brox 1993

Norway

Impingement syndrome (stage II)

Arthroscopic acromioplasty

45

13

Supervised exercises; Placebo laser

50;30

8;4

NR

Mean 2 months before treatment

Neer shoulder score (primary), pain

Assessor

Burks 2009

Australia

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair

20

0

Arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair

20

0

Random number Generator; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

UCLA, MRI, Constant-Murley, WORC, SANE, ASES, ROM, strength

Assessors (radiologist and examiner)

Charron 2007

USA

Distal clavicle osteolysis or post-traumatic acromio- clavicular arthrosis without instability

Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with a direct approach

19

1

Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with an indirect subacromial approach

19

3

Order of enrollment (odd/even)

At enrollment

ASES, ATH, time to full return to sports

NR

Chen 2010

China

Frozen shoulder

Arthroscopic release of anterior capsular structures

42

1

Arthroscopic release extended inferiorly and posteriorly

32

3

Computer; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

Constant, ROM

Patients and Assessors

De Carli 2012

Italy

Idiopathic adhesive shoulder capsulitis

Arthroscopy arthrolysis and shoulder manipulation

25

2

Glenohumeral steroid injections

21

0

NR

NR

ROM, ASES, UCLA, SST, Constant-Murley

NR

Dezaly 2011

France

Rotator cuff tear in the over-60s

Arthroscopic biceps acromioplasty-tenotomy and repair

71

3?

Arthroscopic biceps acromioplasty-tenotomy

71

12?

NR

Day before surgery

Constant, ultrasound tendon healing

NR

Elmlund 2009

Sweden

Recurrent shoulder instability

Arthroscopic reconstruction with polygluconate-B polymer

20

4

Arthroscopic reconstruction with poly-L-lactic acid polymer tack implants

20

3

Sealed envelopes

Just before surgery

Radiographs, CRP, Constant, Rowe, apprehension test, strength, ROM, recurrence of instability

Assessor (radiologist)

Fabbriciani 2004

Italy

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability

Arthroscopic repair

30

NR

Open repair

30

NR

Computer

At surgery

Constant, Rowe

NR

Franceschi 2008

Italy

Rotator cuff tear and a type II SLAP lesion in the over-50s

Arthroscopic repair of both lesions

31

2

Arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair without repair of the SLAP II lesion but with tenotomy of the long head of the biceps

32

5

Random number table; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

UCLA, ROM

NR

Freedman 2007

USA

Refractory acromioclavicular joint pain

Open distal clavicle excision

9

1

Arthroscopic distal clavicle excision

8

1

NR

NR

Pain VAS (primary). modified ASES, SF-36

NR

Gartsman 2004

USA

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear + type 2 acromion

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair + subacromial decompression

47

NR

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without subacromial decompression

46

NR

Random number table

At surgery

ASES

Patients

Grasso 2009

Italy

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair

40

3

Arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair

40

5

Computer

At surgery

DASH, Constant, strength

NR

Gumina 2012

Italy

Large full-thickness posterosuperior rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair with platelet-leukocyte membrane

40

1

Arthroscopic repair

40

3

Randomization list; Sealed envelopes

3 days before surgery

Constant, MRI (primary), SST

Assessors

Haahr 2005

Denmark

Subacromial impingement

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

45

4

Physiotherapy

45

2

Computer; Sealed envelopes

NR

Constant, pain VAS, ROM, strength, ADL

NR

Henkus 2009

Nether-lands

Primary subacromial impingement without rotator cuff rupture

Arthroscopic subacromial bursectomy

27

1

Debridement of subacromial bursa + arthroscopic acromioplasty

30

0

Automatically generated randomization code

NR

Constant, SST , pain VAS, functional impairment VAS

Assessor and group 1 patients

Hiemstra 2008

Canada

Shoulder instability

Open stabilization

24

0

Arthroscopic stabilization

24

0

Computer

NR

Strength (primary), ASES, ROM

Assessor

Husby 2003

Norway

Impingement syndrome (Neer grade II)

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

20

5

Open subacromial decompression

19

0

Sealed envelopes

At surgery

UCLA, pain VAS, satisfaction VAS, strength, ROM

Assessor

Kasten 2011

Germany

Supraspinatus tendon rupture

Arthroscopic repair

17

3

Mini-open technique

17

1

Order of enrollment(first 17/ next 17)

NR

NSAID use, pain, Constant-Murley, ASES, MRI

Assessor (radiologist)

Ketola 2009

Finland

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Supervised exercise

70

4

Arthroscopic acromioplasty + supervised exercise

70

2

Computer;Sealed envelopes

NR

Pain VAS, ROM, strength (primary), cost-effectiveness

Assessor (physiotherapist)

Kim 2011

Korea

Rotator cuff tear + asymptomatic acromioclavicular arthritis

Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with rotator cuff repair

31

2

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

52

4

Random number table

NR

ASES, UCLA, pain, AC joint tenderness, cross body adduction test

NR

Kirkley 1999

Canada

First traumatic anterior dislocation

Immediate arthroscopic stabilization

19

0

Immobilization and rehabilitation

21

2

NR

NR

WOSI, ROM, redislocation

Assessor

Koh 2011

South Korea

Rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic single-row repair

37

6

Arthroscopic double-row repair

34

3

Computer

At surgery

Pain VAS, Constant, ASES, UCLA, re-tear, MRI

Assessors (radiologist and examiner)

Lindh 1993

Sweden

Shoulder impingement

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

10

0

Open acromioplasty

10

0

NR

NR

Osteophyte recurrence, ROM, UCLA

NR

Ma 2012

Taiwan

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic single-row repair

32

5

Arthroscopic double-row repair

32

6

Computer; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

UCLA, ASES, strength, magnetic resonance arthrography

NR

MacDonald 2011

Canada

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + acromioplasty

41

9

Arthroscopic repair

45

9

Computer; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

WORC (primary), ASES, revision

Patients and Assessor

Magnusson 2006

Sweden

Post-traumatic shoulder instability

Arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction with polygluconate co-polymer

20

0

Arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction with self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid polymer

20

0

Sealed envelopes

Just before surgery

Strength, ROM, Rowe, Constant, stability, radiography

Assessor (radiologist)

Milano 2007

Italy

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + subacromial decompression

40

3

Arthroscopic repair

40

6

Computer

At surgery

Constant, DASH

NR

Milano 2010

Italy

Recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability

Arthroscopic repair with metal suture anchor

39

3

Arthroscopic repair with biodegradable suture anchor

39

5

Random sequence generator; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

DASH (primary),,Rowe, Constant, recurrence

Assessor

Milano 2010

Italy

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair with metal suture anchor

55

3

Arthroscopic repair with biodegradable suture anchor

55

6

Random sequence generator

At surgery

DASH, Constant

Assessor

Mohtadi 2008

Canada

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Open repair

37

8

Arthroscopic acromioplasty with mini-open repair

36

5

Computer; Sealed envelopes

NR

RC-QOL (primary), ASES, SRQ, FSET, ROM, strength

Assessor

Monteiro 2008

Brazil

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability

Arthroscopic repair with anchors loaded with absorbable sutures

25

4

Arthroscopic repair with anchors loaded with nonabsorbable sutures

25

1

Sealed envelopes

NR

Rowe, ASOSS

Assessor

Oh 2011

South Korea

Partial- or full- thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + HA/carboxymethylated cellulose injection

40

NR

Arthroscopic repair

40

NR

Computer

NR

Pain VAS, PROM, ASES, ultrasonography, CTA

Injection and Assessor

Randelli 2011

Italy

Complete rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + autologous platelet rich plasma

26

4

Arthroscopic repair

27

4

Computer; Sealed envelopes

At surgery

Pain VAS, SST, UCLA, Constant, strength, MRI

Assessors (radiologist and examiner)

Robinson 2008

UK

First-time traumatic anterior dislocation

Arthroscopic examination and lavage

45

3

Arthroscopic examination and Bankart lesion repair

43

1

Computer; weighted minimization

NR

Recurrence, functional scores, DASH, patient satisfaction, SF-36, WOSI, ROM, cost

Patients and Assessor (physiotherapist)

Rodeo 2012

USA

Full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + platelet-rich fibrin matrix

40

5

Arthroscopic repair

39

7

Sealed envelopes

At surgery

Healing on ultrasound (primary), ASES, L'Insalata, manual muscle testing

Patients and Assessor

Sachs 1994

USA

Impingement syndrome (stage II)

Arthroscopic acromioplasty

22

3

Open acromioplasty

22

0

NR

NR

Pain, function, ROM, strength, RTA, LOHS

NR

Shin 2012

South Korea

Small-medium rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair + acromioplasty

75

15

Arthroscopic repair

75

15

NR

Before surgery

VAS, UCLA, ASES, Constant, MRI, ROM

NR

Shin 2012

South Korea

Partial-thickness articular-sided rotator cuff tear

Arthroscopic repair with transtendon technique

24

0

Arthroscopic repair with full-thickness conversion

24

0

Computer

At surgery

Pain and satisfaction VAS, ASES, Constant, MRI, ROM

Assessors (radiologist and examiner)

Silberberg 2011

Spain

Isolated type II SLAP lesion

Arthroscopic repair with vertical suture

15

0

Arthroscopic repair with horizontal suture

17

0

Minimization

At surgery

Pain and instability VAS, ASES, ROM

Assessor

Spangehl 2002

Canada

Impingement syndrome

Arthroscopic acromioplasty

32

?/25

Open acromioplasty

30

?/25

NR

NR

Pain and function VAS (primary), UCLA, satisfaction, strength

Assessor

Sperber 2001

Sweden

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability

Arthroscopic stabilization

30

NR

Open stabilization

26

NR

Sealed envelopes

At surgery

Recurrence, ROM, apprehension sign, relocation test, Constant, Rowe

NR

Syed 2010

USA

Soft tissue fluid retention after shoulder arthroscopy

Fenestrated outflow cannula

14

0

Conventional cannula

14

0

Sealed envelopes

NR

Fluid weight gain

Patients

Tan 2006

UK

Recurrent traumatic anterior instability

Arthroscopic Bankart repair with nonabsorbable anchor

65

2

Arthroscopic Bankart repair with absorbable anchor

65

4

Sealed envelopes

At surgery

OISS, pain and instability VAS, SF-12, recurrence

Patients and Assessors

Taverna 2007

Italy

Chronic supraspinatus tendinosis

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

30

0

Radiofrequency-based plasma microtenotomy

30

0

Sealed envelopes

Just before surgery

Pain VAS, Constant, ASES, UCLA, SF-36

Patients and Assessor (physician)

Wintzell 1996

Sweden

Acute traumatic primary anterior dislocation

Arthroscopic lavage

15

0

Conservative treatment

15

0

NR

NR

Recurrenc, apprehension test, ROM, Lysholm score

Assessor

  1. *The references are listed in Additional file 2.
  2. Dropouts/withdrawals were mentioned but the exact number in each group was not clear in the article.
  3. Abbreviations in alphabetical order:
  4. ADL Activities of Daily Living, ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score, ASOSS Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System, ATH Athletic Shoulder Scoring System score, Constant Constant shoulder score, CRP C-Reactive Protein, CTA Computed Tomography Arthrography, DASH Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, D/W dropouts/withdrawals, FSET Functional Shoulder Elevation Test, LOHS length of hospital stay, MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging, N number of patients randomized, NR not reported, OISS Oxford Instability Shoulder Score, PROM Passive Range Of Motion, RC-QOL Rotator Cuff Quality Of Life score, ROM Range Of Motion, Rowe Rowe shoulder score, RTA return to activities, RTW return to work, SANE Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, SF-12 Short Form 12 survey, SF-36 Short Form 36 survey, SRQ Shoulder Rating Questionnaire, SST Simple Shoulder Test, UCLA University of California-Los Angeles shoulder rating scale, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, WORC Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index, WOSI Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index.