Author* (first) yr | Country | Diagnosis | Intervention 1 | N 1 | D/W | Intervention 2 | N 2 | W/D | Randomization method | Time of randomization | Outcomes | Blinding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wrist | ||||||||||||
Kang 2008 | USA | Dorsal ganglion | Arthroscopic excision | 41 | 13 | Open excision | 31 | 8 | Medical record Identifier (odd/even) | At presentation | Recurrence, residual pain, complications | NR |
Leblebicioglu 2003 | Turkey | Kienböck’s disease | Open scaphocapitate fusion and lunate revascularization | 8 | NR | Arthroscopic scapho-capitate fusion and capitate pole excision | 8 | NR | Last digit of Medical record (odd/even) | NR | Operative time, LOHS, time to fusion, ROM, grip, RTW | NR |
Rocchi 2008 | Italy | Volar ganglion | Open excision | 25 | 2 | Arthroscopic excision | 25 | 1 | Sealed envelopes | NR | ROM, grip, scar, pain, residual symptoms, recurrence | NR |
Varitimidis 2008 | Greece | Intra-articular distal radius fracture | Arthroscopic and fluroscopic assisted reduction + external fixation and percutaneous pinning | 20 | NR | Fluroscopic assisted reduction + external fixation and percutaneous pinning | 20 | NR | Sealed envelopes | NR | Mayo wrist score, DASH (primary), clinical wrist instability, grip, ROM, radiographs | NR |
Shoulder | ||||||||||||
Archetti Netto 2012 | Brazil | Traumatic anterior instability + isolated Bankart lesion | Arthroscopic repair | 22 | 5 | Open repair | 28 | 3 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | DASH (primary), UCLA, Rowe, ROM | NR |
Barber 2012 | USA, Canada | Large rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic single- row repair + acellular human dermal matrix augmentation | 22 | NR | Arthroscopic single row repair | 20 | NR | Sealed envelopes | At surgery | ASES, UCLA, Constant, MRI, ROM, strength | Assessor (radiologist) |
Berth 2010 | Germany | Massive rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic partial rotator cuff repair | 21 | NR | Arthroscopic debride-ment + subacromial decompression | 21 | NR | Patient's option | NR | Constant, ROM, pain, DASH, ultrasound | NR |
Bottoni 2002 | USA | Acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations in young athletes | Arthroscopic stabilization | 10 | 1 | Nonoperative treatment (4 wks immobilization followed by supervised rehabilitation program) | 14 | 2 | Last digit social security number (odd/even) | NR | Recurrent instability, SANE, L'Insalata shoulder evaluation, satisfaction | NR |
Bottoni 2006 | USA | Recurrent anterior shoulder instability | Arthroscopic stabilization | 32 | 0 | Open stabilization | 32 | 3 | Sealed envelopes | NR | ROM, stability, SANE, SST, WOSI, UCLA, Rowe | Assessor (physiotherapist) |
Brox 1993 | Norway | Impingement syndrome (stage II) | Arthroscopic acromioplasty | 45 | 13 | Supervised exercises; Placebo laser | 50;30 | 8;4 | NR | Mean 2 months before treatment | Neer shoulder score (primary), pain | Assessor |
Burks 2009 | Australia | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair | 20 | 0 | Arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair | 20 | 0 | Random number Generator; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | UCLA, MRI, Constant-Murley, WORC, SANE, ASES, ROM, strength | Assessors (radiologist and examiner) |
Charron 2007 | USA | Distal clavicle osteolysis or post-traumatic acromio- clavicular arthrosis without instability | Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with a direct approach | 19 | 1 | Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with an indirect subacromial approach | 19 | 3 | Order of enrollment (odd/even) | At enrollment | ASES, ATH, time to full return to sports | NR |
Chen 2010 | China | Frozen shoulder | Arthroscopic release of anterior capsular structures | 42 | 1 | Arthroscopic release extended inferiorly and posteriorly | 32 | 3 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | Constant, ROM | Patients and Assessors |
De Carli 2012 | Italy | Idiopathic adhesive shoulder capsulitis | Arthroscopy arthrolysis and shoulder manipulation | 25 | 2 | Glenohumeral steroid injections | 21 | 0 | NR | NR | ROM, ASES, UCLA, SST, Constant-Murley | NR |
Dezaly 2011 | France | Rotator cuff tear in the over-60s | Arthroscopic biceps acromioplasty-tenotomy and repair | 71 | 3?† | Arthroscopic biceps acromioplasty-tenotomy | 71 | 12?† | NR | Day before surgery | Constant, ultrasound tendon healing | NR |
Elmlund 2009 | Sweden | Recurrent shoulder instability | Arthroscopic reconstruction with polygluconate-B polymer | 20 | 4 | Arthroscopic reconstruction with poly-L-lactic acid polymer tack implants | 20 | 3 | Sealed envelopes | Just before surgery | Radiographs, CRP, Constant, Rowe, apprehension test, strength, ROM, recurrence of instability | Assessor (radiologist) |
Fabbriciani 2004 | Italy | Traumatic anterior shoulder instability | Arthroscopic repair | 30 | NR | Open repair | 30 | NR | Computer | At surgery | Constant, Rowe | NR |
Franceschi 2008 | Italy | Rotator cuff tear and a type II SLAP lesion in the over-50s | Arthroscopic repair of both lesions | 31 | 2 | Arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair without repair of the SLAP II lesion but with tenotomy of the long head of the biceps | 32 | 5 | Random number table; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | UCLA, ROM | NR |
Freedman 2007 | USA | Refractory acromioclavicular joint pain | Open distal clavicle excision | 9 | 1 | Arthroscopic distal clavicle excision | 8 | 1 | NR | NR | Pain VAS (primary). modified ASES, SF-36 | NR |
Gartsman 2004 | USA | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear + type 2 acromion | Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair + subacromial decompression | 47 | NR | Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without subacromial decompression | 46 | NR | Random number table | At surgery | ASES | Patients |
Grasso 2009 | Italy | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair | 40 | 3 | Arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair | 40 | 5 | Computer | At surgery | DASH, Constant, strength | NR |
Gumina 2012 | Italy | Large full-thickness posterosuperior rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair with platelet-leukocyte membrane | 40 | 1 | Arthroscopic repair | 40 | 3 | Randomization list; Sealed envelopes | 3 days before surgery | Constant, MRI (primary), SST | Assessors |
Haahr 2005 | Denmark | Subacromial impingement | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression | 45 | 4 | Physiotherapy | 45 | 2 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | NR | Constant, pain VAS, ROM, strength, ADL | NR |
Henkus 2009 | Nether-lands | Primary subacromial impingement without rotator cuff rupture | Arthroscopic subacromial bursectomy | 27 | 1 | Debridement of subacromial bursa + arthroscopic acromioplasty | 30 | 0 | Automatically generated randomization code | NR | Constant, SST , pain VAS, functional impairment VAS | Assessor and group 1 patients |
Hiemstra 2008 | Canada | Shoulder instability | Open stabilization | 24 | 0 | Arthroscopic stabilization | 24 | 0 | Computer | NR | Strength (primary), ASES, ROM | Assessor |
Husby 2003 | Norway | Impingement syndrome (Neer grade II) | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression | 20 | 5 | Open subacromial decompression | 19 | 0 | Sealed envelopes | At surgery | UCLA, pain VAS, satisfaction VAS, strength, ROM | Assessor |
Kasten 2011 | Germany | Supraspinatus tendon rupture | Arthroscopic repair | 17 | 3 | Mini-open technique | 17 | 1 | Order of enrollment(first 17/ next 17) | NR | NSAID use, pain, Constant-Murley, ASES, MRI | Assessor (radiologist) |
Ketola 2009 | Finland | Shoulder impingement syndrome | Supervised exercise | 70 | 4 | Arthroscopic acromioplasty + supervised exercise | 70 | 2 | Computer;Sealed envelopes | NR | Pain VAS, ROM, strength (primary), cost-effectiveness | Assessor (physiotherapist) |
Kim 2011 | Korea | Rotator cuff tear + asymptomatic acromioclavicular arthritis | Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection with rotator cuff repair | 31 | 2 | Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair | 52 | 4 | Random number table | NR | ASES, UCLA, pain, AC joint tenderness, cross body adduction test | NR |
Kirkley 1999 | Canada | First traumatic anterior dislocation | Immediate arthroscopic stabilization | 19 | 0 | Immobilization and rehabilitation | 21 | 2 | NR | NR | WOSI, ROM, redislocation | Assessor |
Koh 2011 | South Korea | Rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic single-row repair | 37 | 6 | Arthroscopic double-row repair | 34 | 3 | Computer | At surgery | Pain VAS, Constant, ASES, UCLA, re-tear, MRI | Assessors (radiologist and examiner) |
Lindh 1993 | Sweden | Shoulder impingement | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression | 10 | 0 | Open acromioplasty | 10 | 0 | NR | NR | Osteophyte recurrence, ROM, UCLA | NR |
Ma 2012 | Taiwan | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic single-row repair | 32 | 5 | Arthroscopic double-row repair | 32 | 6 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | UCLA, ASES, strength, magnetic resonance arthrography | NR |
MacDonald 2011 | Canada | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + acromioplasty | 41 | 9 | Arthroscopic repair | 45 | 9 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | WORC (primary), ASES, revision | Patients and Assessor |
Magnusson 2006 | Sweden | Post-traumatic shoulder instability | Arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction with polygluconate co-polymer | 20 | 0 | Arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction with self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid polymer | 20 | 0 | Sealed envelopes | Just before surgery | Strength, ROM, Rowe, Constant, stability, radiography | Assessor (radiologist) |
Milano 2007 | Italy | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + subacromial decompression | 40 | 3 | Arthroscopic repair | 40 | 6 | Computer | At surgery | Constant, DASH | NR |
Milano 2010 | Italy | Recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability | Arthroscopic repair with metal suture anchor | 39 | 3 | Arthroscopic repair with biodegradable suture anchor | 39 | 5 | Random sequence generator; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | DASH (primary),,Rowe, Constant, recurrence | Assessor |
Milano 2010 | Italy | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair with metal suture anchor | 55 | 3 | Arthroscopic repair with biodegradable suture anchor | 55 | 6 | Random sequence generator | At surgery | DASH, Constant | Assessor |
Mohtadi 2008 | Canada | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Open repair | 37 | 8 | Arthroscopic acromioplasty with mini-open repair | 36 | 5 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | NR | RC-QOL (primary), ASES, SRQ, FSET, ROM, strength | Assessor |
Monteiro 2008 | Brazil | Traumatic anterior shoulder instability | Arthroscopic repair with anchors loaded with absorbable sutures | 25 | 4 | Arthroscopic repair with anchors loaded with nonabsorbable sutures | 25 | 1 | Sealed envelopes | NR | Rowe, ASOSS | Assessor |
Oh 2011 | South Korea | Partial- or full- thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + HA/carboxymethylated cellulose injection | 40 | NR | Arthroscopic repair | 40 | NR | Computer | NR | Pain VAS, PROM, ASES, ultrasonography, CTA | Injection and Assessor |
Randelli 2011 | Italy | Complete rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + autologous platelet rich plasma | 26 | 4 | Arthroscopic repair | 27 | 4 | Computer; Sealed envelopes | At surgery | Pain VAS, SST, UCLA, Constant, strength, MRI | Assessors (radiologist and examiner) |
Robinson 2008 | UK | First-time traumatic anterior dislocation | Arthroscopic examination and lavage | 45 | 3 | Arthroscopic examination and Bankart lesion repair | 43 | 1 | Computer; weighted minimization | NR | Recurrence, functional scores, DASH, patient satisfaction, SF-36, WOSI, ROM, cost | Patients and Assessor (physiotherapist) |
Rodeo 2012 | USA | Full-thickness rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + platelet-rich fibrin matrix | 40 | 5 | Arthroscopic repair | 39 | 7 | Sealed envelopes | At surgery | Healing on ultrasound (primary), ASES, L'Insalata, manual muscle testing | Patients and Assessor |
Sachs 1994 | USA | Impingement syndrome (stage II) | Arthroscopic acromioplasty | 22 | 3 | Open acromioplasty | 22 | 0 | NR | NR | Pain, function, ROM, strength, RTA, LOHS | NR |
Shin 2012 | South Korea | Small-medium rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair + acromioplasty | 75 | 15 | Arthroscopic repair | 75 | 15 | NR | Before surgery | VAS, UCLA, ASES, Constant, MRI, ROM | NR |
Shin 2012 | South Korea | Partial-thickness articular-sided rotator cuff tear | Arthroscopic repair with transtendon technique | 24 | 0 | Arthroscopic repair with full-thickness conversion | 24 | 0 | Computer | At surgery | Pain and satisfaction VAS, ASES, Constant, MRI, ROM | Assessors (radiologist and examiner) |
Silberberg 2011 | Spain | Isolated type II SLAP lesion | Arthroscopic repair with vertical suture | 15 | 0 | Arthroscopic repair with horizontal suture | 17 | 0 | Minimization | At surgery | Pain and instability VAS, ASES, ROM | Assessor |
Spangehl 2002 | Canada | Impingement syndrome | Arthroscopic acromioplasty | 32 | ?/25† | Open acromioplasty | 30 | ?/25† | NR | NR | Pain and function VAS (primary), UCLA, satisfaction, strength | Assessor |
Sperber 2001 | Sweden | Traumatic anterior shoulder instability | Arthroscopic stabilization | 30 | NR | Open stabilization | 26 | NR | Sealed envelopes | At surgery | Recurrence, ROM, apprehension sign, relocation test, Constant, Rowe | NR |
Syed 2010 | USA | Soft tissue fluid retention after shoulder arthroscopy | Fenestrated outflow cannula | 14 | 0 | Conventional cannula | 14 | 0 | Sealed envelopes | NR | Fluid weight gain | Patients |
Tan 2006 | UK | Recurrent traumatic anterior instability | Arthroscopic Bankart repair with nonabsorbable anchor | 65 | 2 | Arthroscopic Bankart repair with absorbable anchor | 65 | 4 | Sealed envelopes | At surgery | OISS, pain and instability VAS, SF-12, recurrence | Patients and Assessors |
Taverna 2007 | Italy | Chronic supraspinatus tendinosis | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression | 30 | 0 | Radiofrequency-based plasma microtenotomy | 30 | 0 | Sealed envelopes | Just before surgery | Pain VAS, Constant, ASES, UCLA, SF-36 | Patients and Assessor (physician) |
Wintzell 1996 | Sweden | Acute traumatic primary anterior dislocation | Arthroscopic lavage | 15 | 0 | Conservative treatment | 15 | 0 | NR | NR | Recurrenc, apprehension test, ROM, Lysholm score | Assessor |