Position and movement differences between people with and without LBP (number of studies included in meta-analysis) | Standardised mean difference (95% CI) for all studies suitable for meta-analysis |
---|---|
Lordosis*, n = 8 | 0.01 (-0.09 to 0.11), p = 0.89 |
Flexion**, n = 14 | -0.62 (-0.94 to -0.29), p < 0.01 |
Extension**, n = 9 | -0.54 (-0.81 to -0.27), p < 0.01 |
Lateral Flexion**, n = 9 | -0.73 (-1.14 to -0.33), p < 0.01 |
Rotation**, n = 9 | -0.49 (-0.76 to -0.22), p = 0.04 |
Lumbar versus Hip end-range flexion ROM**, n = 4 | -0.21 (-0.52 to 0.09), p = 0.17 |
Pelvic tilt angle in standing†, n = 3 | 0.24 (-0.03 to 0.50), p = 0.08 |
Speed/Acceleration‡, n = 8 | -1.24 (-1.58 to -0.90), p < 0.0001 |
Proprioception (re-position accuracy)§, n = 12 | 1.04 (0.64 to 1.45), p < 0.0001 |