BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Table 3 **Associations* between cortisol measures and pain intensity and pain disability in subjects with chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain (n = 471)**

From: Reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain: partly masked by depressive and anxiety disorders

	Pain intensity		Pain disability
	Beta	P	Beta	P
At awakening
Sociodemographic^a	0.05	0.32	0.01	0.86
Lifestyle & disease^b	0.04	0.42	0.00	0.94
Depression and anxiety^c	0.02	0.72	-0.01	0.86
AUCg
Sociodemographic^a	0.01	0.86	-0.05	0.28
Lifestyle & disease^b	-0.01	0.92	-0.05	0.34
Depression and anxiety^c	-0.03	0.54	-0.06	0.22
AUCi
Sociodemographic^a	-0.05	0.32	-0.06	0.21
Lifestyle & disease^b	-0.06	0.18	-0.06	0.23
Depression and anxiety^c	-0.07	0.15	-0.06	0.23
Mean evening level
Sociodemographic^a	0.00	0.99	-0.03	0.59
Lifestyle & disease^b	-0.01	0.80	-0.01	0.81
Depression and anxiety^c	-0.01	0.79	-0.01	0.93
Diurnal slope
Sociodemographic^a	0.06	0.21	0.03	0.61
Lifestyle & disease^b	0.05	0.29	0.01	0.78
Depression and anxiety^c	0.03	0.57	0.00	0.94
Cortisol suppression ratio
Sociodemographic^a	0.00	0.98	0.02	0.68
Lifestyle & disease^b	0.01	0.82	0.02	0.67
Depression and anxiety^c	0.01	0.89	0.01	0.76

*Based on adjusted linear regression analyses; ^aadjusted for awakening time, working on day of sampling, month of sampling, ≤6 hours of sleep, age, sex, and years of education; ^badditionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and chronic diseases; ^cadditionally adjusted for lifetime depressive/anxiety disorder and antidepressants.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2474

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcmusculoskeletaldisorders@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com