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Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for persistent chronic widespread pain in HUNT3

From: Prevalence and long-term predictors of persistent chronic widespread pain in the general population in an 11-year prospective study: the HUNT study

Baseline variables HUNT2

N = 3,770

CWP in HUNT3 N = 1,997

Model 1 – crude model

Model 2 – adjusted model

 

N (%)

 

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

Sex Female [ref.]

2,540 (67)

1,447 (74)

1.00

1.00

  Male

1,230 (33)

520 (26)

0.53 [0.46-0.61]

0.51 [0.44-0.59]

Age, 20–39 yrs [ref.]

643 (17)

342 (17)

1.00

1.00

Age, 40–59 yrs (<40 yrs [ref.])

2,388 (63)

1,323 (66)

1.12 [0.94-1.34]

1.03 [0.85-1.25]

  ≥60 yrs

739 (20)

332 (17)

0.76 [0.62-0.94]

0.63 [0.50-0.81]

HADS (A/D <8 [ref.])

2,544 (67)

1,276 (64)

1.00

1.00

HADS Depression (D) ≥8

220 (6)

120 (6)

1.28 [0.96-1.69]

1.12 [0.84-1.50]

  Anxiety (A) ≥8

578 (15)

343 (17)

1.35 [1.12-1.62]

1.24 [1.02-1.50]

  Depression ≥8 AND Anxiety ≥8

428 (11)

260 (13)

1.48 [1.19-1.82]

1.18 [0.95-1.47]

Sleep problems, never [ref.]

2,544 (64)

1,195 (60)

1.00

1.00

  Often

1,345 (36)

802 (40)

1.49 [1.30-1.71]

1.30 [1.12-1.51]

Smoke status, never smoking [ref.]

1,315 (35)

667 (33)

1.00

1.00

  Ex. smoker

1,235 (33)

665 (33)

1.23 [1.05-1.45]

1.18 [1.00-1.39]

  Current daily smoker

1,220 (32)

665 (33)

1.14 [0.97-1.33]

1.10 [0.93-1.31]

BMI normal 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 [ref.]

1,262 (33)

633 (32)

1.00

1.00

  Underweight <18.5 kg/m2

21 (0.6)

7 (0.35)

0.46 [0.18-1.15]

0.43 [0.17-1.10]

  Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2

1,730 (46)

893 (45)

1.17 [1.01-1.36]

1.18 [1.01-1.37]

  Obese ≥30 kg/m2

757 (20)

464 (23)

1.68 [1.39-2.02]

1.66 [1.37-2.01]

Alcohol-monthly use, abstainers [ref.]

375 (10)

205 (10)

1.00

1.00

  0 time a month

1,139 (30)

615 (31)

0.94 [0.74-1.20]

0.97 [0.76-1.24]

  1-7 times a month

2,046 (54)

1,077 (54)

0.95 [0.76-1.19]

1.01 [0.79-1.28]

  8 times or more a month

210 (6)

100 (5)

0.85 [0.60-1.21]

0.90 [0.62-1.29]

Education, primary school, [ref.]

1,546 (41)

824 (41)

1.00

1.00

  High school

1,661 (44)

900 (45)

1.03 [0.89-1.20]

1.10 [0.94-1.28]

  University/college

563 (15)

273 (14)

0.76 [0.62-0.93]

0.86 [0.70-1.06]

Exercise, low/no [ref.]

2,487 (66)

1,338 (67)

1.00

1.00

  Moderate

1,283 (34)

659 (33)

0.94 [0.82-1.07]

0.97 [0.84-1.12]

Marital status - single [ref.]

925 (25)

505 (25)

1.00

1.00

  Married

2,845 (75)

1,492 (75)

0.92 [0.79-1.07]

0.94 [0.80-1.10]

Disease Chronic, no [ref.]

1,806 (48)

830 (42)

1.00

1.00

  Yes

1,964 (52)

1,167 (58)

1.89 [1.66-2.16]

1.75 [1.53-2.01]

  1. Model 1: Crude – age and sex adjusted.
  2. Model 2: All variables included.
  3. Only complete cases included.