Table 2 Preoperative characteristics associated in bivariate analyses with postoperative participation in PA 1–4 years post-TJR as measured by the ADSI of the YPAS

Social/socioeconomic characteristics

Marital status

0.063

0.280

Single

56.9

31.6

11

7

2.9

Married

46.0

24.9

8

12

1.2

Divorced, separated, or widowed

35.1

27.2

7

13

REF

Living situation

0.322

0.222

Alone

33.8

38.3

1

5

REF

With family or friends

46.3

27.7

24

28

4.3

Work status

0.156

0.737

Employed

57.1

34.3

5

5

REF

Unemployed

42.9

27.2

21

28

0.8

Education

0.793

0.397

Less than secondary school

42.3

22.3

12

11

2.9

Secondary school, but did not graduate

48.0

35.6

10

14

1.9

Graduated from secondary school or beyond

44.2

26.5

3

8

REF

Psychological Factors

Perception that surgery has a >90% chance of relieving pain and <1% chance of complication

0.080

0.151

Yes

49.8

28.5

20

19

2.7

No

35.2

28.7

5

13

REF

SF-36 mental health scale

0.405

1

≤68

40.2

20.7

7

9

1

>68

47.3

31.2

19

24

REF

Pain, Stiffness, and Functional Status

WOMAC function score

0.792

12

0.603

<65

46.1

29.1

REF

19

≥65

44.1

28.4

14

15

1.5

WOMAC pain score

0.169

REF

0.795

<65

50.2

31.3

16

14

≥65

39.9

24.8

12

18

0.8

44.1

33.3

0.791

REF

0.446

SF-36 physical activity score

11

18

<15

≥15

46.1

23.5

15

16

1.5

Lower extremity joint burden score

0.236

1

≤1

50.3

29.8

11

14

REF

≥2

41.4

27.3

15

20

1

General medical characteristics

Joint replaced

0.583

0.329

Hip

49.1

22.9

7

5

2.2

Knee

43.9

30.2

18

28

REF

Procedure

0.469

1

Unilateral

47.4

30.9

15

20

REF

Bilateral

41.9

25.0

11

14

1

Age

0.130

0.299

<65

51.3

28.3

15

14

REF

≥65

39.8

28.5

11

19

0.5

Year of surgery

0.224

0.096

2009

40.9

23.0

2

6

0.9

2010

49.6

32.3

6

6

2.8

2011

53.3

32.2

13

8

4.6

2012

35.4

22.1

5

14

REF

Sex

0.458

0.747

Female

43.7

28.7

20

28

0.7

Male

50.7

28.2

6

6

REF

BMI

0.327

0.018

<30

47.4

31.4

18

22

REF

30-35

53.9

17.4

6

1

7.3

≥35

27.0

7.50

0

4

N/A

Smoking

0.404

1

Yes

28.5

13.4

1

1

REF

No

45.9

29.0

25

32

0.8

Consuming alcohol

0.29

0.167

Yes

36.1

23.7

2

7

REF

No

47.5

30.0

23

24

3.4

Self reported health status

0.434

0.219

Excellent or very good

38.9

26.2

5

11

0.3

Good

43.8

27.6

7

12

0.4

Fair or poor

50.9

30.4

13

9

REF