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Table 2 Bivariate analyses of individual risk factors for activity-limiting foot/ankle MSDs among nurses

From: Prevalence and risk factors for foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders experienced by nurses

Risk factor

n

%

OR

CI (95%)

Sig.

Age (years)

     

  <30

75

27.4

Referent

 

0.11

  30-39

100

36.5

1.28

(0.56, 2.89)

0.56

  40-49

66

24.1

0.69

(0.25, 1.90)

0.47

  50+

33

12.0

2.53

(0.95, 6.74)

0.06

BMI 1 (kg/m 2 )

     

  Underweight/normal

139

53.3

Referent

 

<0.001*

  Overweight

79

30.3

1.63

(0.73, 3.63)

0.23

  Obese/morbidly obese

43

16.5

4.43

(1.94, 10.10)

<0.001*

Smoking history

     

  Never smoker

180

62.5

Referent

 

0.46

  Previous smoker

85

29.5

0.95

(0.49, 1.87)

0.89

  Current smoker

23

8.0

0.42

(0.09, 1.90)

0.26

SF-36 PCS 2

     

  Quartile 4 (>55.96)

70

25.0

Referent

 

<0.001*

  Quartile 3 (51.96-55.95)

69

24.6

1.29

(0.33, 5.02)

0.71

  Quartile 2 (48–51.95)

71

25.4

3.70

(1.14, 11.97)

<0.001*

  Quartile 1 (0–47.99)

70

25.0

8.61

(2.80, 26.48)

<0.001*

No. of foot conditions

     

  None

104

35.5

Referent

 

<0.001*

  One

103

35.2

1.48

(0.85, 2.56)

0.16

  2 or more

86

29.4

2.68

(1.48, 4.85)

<0.001*

Shoe style

     

  Walking shoe- hard sole

47

16.5

Referent

 

0.59

  Walking shoe- soft sole

138

48.4

0.90

(0.40, 2.03)

0.80

  Sports/Men’s Shoe/Other

38

13.3

0.69

(0.23, 2.12)

0.52

  Ladies dress shoe

38

13.3

0.44

(0.12, 1.52)

0.19

  Clog/Mule

24

8.4

0.53

(0.13, 2.14)

0.37

Shoe - heel height

     

  0-2.5 cm

185

65.1

Referent

 

0.07

  > 2.5 cm

99

34.9

1.77

(0.95, 3.29)

0.07

Wears insoles/Orthoses

     

  No

237

82.6

Referent

 

<0.001*

  Yes

50

17.4

5.19

(2.62, 10.28)

<0.001*

  1. 1Body Mass Index categories: underweight/normal (<24.99), overweight (25–29.99), obese (>30.00).
  2. 2SF36 Physical Component Summary Scale.
  3. *statistically significant.