| |
RA (n = 20)
|
HOA (n = 16)
|
RG (n = 20)
|
|---|
| |
% of MVC in EDC
|
% of MVC in FCR
|
% of MVC in EDC
|
% of MVC in FCR
|
% of MVC in EDC
|
% of MVC in FCR
|
|---|
|
Daily activities
|
|
Task 1(pen)
|
24.2 (18.0–30.5)
|
22.3 (11.4–40.6)
|
32.3** (30.1–75.0)
|
22.5 (15.8–53.8)
|
20.8* (16.9–27.4)
|
12.6 (5.5–35.8)
|
|
Task 2 (locking)
|
16.3 (10.7–23.7)
|
11.0 (6.4–26.0)
|
27.4* (15.3–65.7)
|
17.6 (11.3–25.5)
|
15.5 (8.3–21.0)
|
7.5 (4.1–18.0)
|
|
Task 3 (cutting)
|
29.6 (19.0–51.1)
|
29.5* (18.0–37.5)
|
45.4*** (30.6–62.0)
|
32.8** (20.9–49.3)
|
23.7** (20.7–29.6)
|
14.7*** (9.2–25.7)
|
|
Task 4 (zipper)
|
16.9* (14.2–30.3)
|
17.3** (10.9–27.3)
|
23.0** (17.2–32.4)
|
12.2 (8.9–30.3)
|
11.0*** (8.5–15.7)
|
7.7** (4.0–12.7)
|
|
Hand exercises
|
|
1 (squeezing)
|
66.8 (45.8–85.3)
|
104.2 (58.2–132.6)
|
54.9 (41.0–94.9)
|
113.1 (89.4–159.1)
|
50.1 (41.1–63.7)
|
73.5 (55.0–137.0)
|
|
2 (rolling)
|
35.5* (26.1–48.4)
|
22.6* (11.3–36.4)
|
38.7** (28.1–53.5)
|
28.0** (13.3–53.7)
|
20.9*** (16.5-30.5)
|
9.3*** (4.1-18.7)
|
|
3 (finger ext)
|
65.6 (44.1–93.0)
|
49.1 (39.6–76.2)
|
69.6 (44.0–138.8)
|
73.9 (49.1–116.6)
|
60.1 (36.7–77.9)
|
39.4 (29.2–84.6)
|
|
4a (opposition II)
|
55.8 (29.9–62.2)
|
27.2 (15.1–38.6)
|
47.6 (27.1–74.3)
|
32.1 (22.5–65.6)
|
29.9* (25.9–46.6)
|
21.9 (10.3–33.1)
|
|
4b (opposition III)
|
62.5 (33.1-85.7)
|
50.1 (29.0-73.4)
|
59.3 (39.9-169-5)
|
68.0 (38.9-89.4)
|
45.2 (36.4–66.3)
|
39.1 (20.9–77.9)
|
|
4c (opposition IV)
|
58.2 (44.2–82.9)
|
82.8 (39.9–110.7)
|
57.7 (42.8–134.2)
|
95.6 (69.0–160.9)
|
45.8* (40.8–67.2)
|
55.1 (30.7–108.9)
|
|
4d (opposition V)
|
68.9 (54.0–80.4)
|
61.3 (36.7–89.0)
|
77.1 (47.9–163.8)
|
78.4 (54.7–129.3)
|
56.1 (45.3–77.5)
|
46.9 (22.1–76.8)
|
- Comparisons between RA, HOA and the reference group (RG) in %MVIC of muscle activation analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis for differences between three groups (results after RA or HOA). Differences between arthritis group (RA and HOA) and RG was analyzed by Mann–Whitney (results after the RG).
- Daily activities: task 1 = writing with a pen, task 2 = locking a door with a key, task 3 = cutting with scissors, task 4 = pulling up a zipper.
- Hand exercises: 1 = squeezing the dough, 2 = rolling the dough with flat hands, 3 = finger extension, 4 = isolated opposition, digits II–V.
- *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
