Table 3 Intervention and follow-up effects of clinical assessment
Diabetic polineuropathy clinical assessment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instrument | Control Group | Intervention Group | Intervention effect | Follow-up effect | |||
Baseline (a) n = 29 | 12 weeks (b) n = 29 | Baseline (c) n = 26 | 12 weeks (d) n = 26 | 24 weeks (e) n = 26 | Effect size or median difference (CI 95%)b-d | Effect size or median difference (CI 95%)b-d | |
MNSI questionnaire (score) a | 6 (3) | 6 (3) | 6¶§ (2) | 4¶ (3) | 4 (2) | 0.52 (medium) | 0.54 (medium)c-d |
0.54 (medium)c-e | |||||||
MNSI physical assessment (score) b | 4.5 (3; 6.5) | 5.5 (2.5; 7) | 4.5 (3.0; 6.5) | 4.0§ (4.0; 5.0) | 5.0§ (5.0; 5.5) | -1.5 [-2.8 a -0.2] | -0.5 [-1.7 a 1.7]c-d |
0.5 [-0.7 a 1.7]c-e | |||||||
ABC questionnaire (% of confidence) c | 78 (18) | 78 (19) | 84 (16) | 86§ (8) | 89§ (8) | 0.50 (medium) | 0.34 (small)c-d |
0.21 (small)c-e | |||||||
Muscle function d | |||||||
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis | 3.5* | 4.0 | 4.0*§ | 4.0 | 4.0§ | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-d |
(3.0; 4.0) | (3.0;5.0) | (3.3;5.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (3.0;4.0) | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-e | ||
Extensor hallucis longus and brevis | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0] | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-d |
(4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-e | ||
Flexor digitorum brevis | 4.0† | 4.0†‡ | 4.0 | 5.0‡ | 4.0 | -1.0 [-1.0 to -1.0] | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-d |
(4.0;5.0) | (3.0;5.0) | (3.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-e | ||
Flexor hallucis brevis | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-d |
(3.0;5.0) | (3.3;4.8) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-e | ||
Lumbrical | 4.0† | 3.0† | 4.0 | 4.0§ | 3.5§ | -1.0 [-1.5 to -.05] | 0.0 [-0.9 to 0.9]c-d |
(3.0;5.0) | (2.0;5.0) | (2.0;5.0) | (3.0;4.8) | (2.3;4.0) | 0.5 [-0.4 to 0.4]c-e | ||
Interosseous | 3.5 | 3.0‡ | 4.0 | 4.0‡§ | 3.0§ | -1.0 [-1.5 to -0.5] | 0.0 [0.5 to 1.5]c-d |
(2.0;4.0) | (2.0;4.0) | (2.0;5.0) | (3.0;4.0) | (3.0;3.0) | 1.0 [0.5 to 1.5]c-e | ||
Tibialis anterior | 4.5 | 4.0‡ | 4.0 | 5.0‡ | 4.0 | -1.0 [-1.0 to -1.0] | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-d |
(3.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [-0.5 to 0.5]c-e | ||
Triceps surae | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0¶ | 5.0¶ | 5.0 | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-d |
(4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | (5.0;5.0) | (4.0;5.0) | 0.0 [0.0 to 0.0]c-e | ||
Functional tests e | |||||||
Ankle flexion | 3.5 | 3.0‡ | 4.0¶ | 4.0‡¶# | 3.0 | 1.0 [0.5 a 1.5] | 0.0 [-0.4 a 2.4]c-d |
(1.0;4.0) | (1.0;4.0) | (1.0;4.0) | (3.0;4.0) | (1.0;4.0) | 1.0 [-0.4 a 2.4]c-e | ||
Ankle extension | 4.0† | 4.0† | 4.0¶§ | 4.0¶ | 4.0§ | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0]c-d |
(4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0]c-e | ||
Toes flexion | 4.0 | 3.5‡ | 4.0¶# | 4.0‡¶ | 4.0 | 0.5 [0.0 a 1.0] | 0.0 [-0.5 a 0.5]c-d |
(3.0;4.0) | (3.0;4.0) | (3.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [-0.5 a 0.5]c-e | ||
Toes extension | 4.0* | 4.0‡ | 4.0*¶ | 4.0‡¶§ | 4.0§ | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0]c-d |
(3.3;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | (4.0;4.0) | 0.0 [0.0 a 0.0]c-e | ||