Skip to main content

Table 3 Criteria list for determining the level of evidence for best evidence synthesis, adapted from Lievense et al (2001)[13]

From: Are depression, anxiety and poor mental health risk factors for knee pain? A systematic review

Level of evidence

Criteria for inclusion in best evidence synthesis

Strong evidence

generally consistent findings in:

o multiple high quality cohort studies

Moderate evidence

generally consistent findings in:

o 1 high quality cohort study & > 2 high quality case-control studies

o > 3 high quality case-control studies

Limited evidence

generally consistent findings in:

o single cohort study

o 1 or 2 case-control studies or

o multiple cross-sectional studies

Conflicting evidence

inconsistent findings in <75% of the trials

No evidence

No studies could be found