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Table 1 Descriptive statistics

From: Do orthopaedic shoes improve local dynamic stability of gait? An observational study in patients with chronic foot and ankle injuries

  

Standard shoes

Orthopaedic shoes

  

N = 25

 

A. Mean

(SD)

Confidence interval

B. Mean

(SD)

Confidence interval

Relative change

T-test (p)

Step frequency (Hz)

 

1.76

(0.18)

1.69–1.82

1.76

(0.17)

1.70–1.82

0.0%

0.51

 

ML

0.70

(0.15)

0.64–0.76

0.63

(0.10)

0.59–0.67

-10%

0.00

Dynamic stability (λ*)

V

0.71

(0.14)

0.65–0.76

0.65

(0.11)

0.60–0.69

-9%

0.03

 

AP

0.64

(0.15)

0.58–0.70

0.60

(0.08)

0.56–0.63

-7%

0.04

  1. Values are expressed as mean (N = 25), Standard Deviation (SD) and 95% Confidence Interval (mean ±1.96 times the Standard Error of the Mean). Relative change is the average percentage of change induced by orthopaedic shoes (i.e. column B minus column A divided by column A). The t-test column shows the p values of paired t-tests. Step frequency is the number of steps per second (walking cadence). Dynamic stability is defined as the logarithmic rate of divergence in the acceleration signals (finite time Lyapunov exponent, λ*). ML, V and AP stand for respectively Medio-Lateral, Vertical and Antero-posterior accelerations, i.e. the 3 axes measured by the triaxial accelerometer.