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Table 4 Cohort-stratified path regression results; outcome: physical functioning score*

From: Heterogeneity in health status and the influence of patient characteristics across patients seeking musculoskeletal orthopaedic care – a cross-sectional study

  

Foot/Ankle

Elbow/Shoulder

Neck/Back

Hip/Knee

  

(n = 349)

(n = 378)

(n = 454)

(n = 767)

   

Outcome: Physical Functioning Score

 

Predictors

  

Beta Coefficients**

 
 

(95% Confidence Limits)

 

Age

 

−0.25

−0.20

−0.34

−0.38

  

(−0.45, -0.04)

(−0.37, -0.03)

(−0.51, -0.17)

(−0.51, -0.25)

Sex (ref: Male)

Female

5.13

−6.85

−4.06

−6.20

  

(−0.96, 11.22)

(−11.88, -1.82)

(−9.28, 1.17)

(−9.93, -2.46)

Income (ref: high)

Low

−14.29

−10.28

−0.56

−5.42

  

(−23.07, -5.50)

(−17.61, -2.96)

(−9.08, 7.96)

(−11.15, 0.30)

 

Missing

−1.56

−6.34

2.86

0.21

  

(−10.99, 7.87)

(−14.19, 1.51)

(−2.65, 8.37)

(−5.05, 5.47)

Education (ref: >high school)

≤ high school

−6.59

−5.12

−5.50

−4.28

  

(−13.78, 0.60)

(−10.28, 0.04)

(−10.77, -0.22)

(−8.39, -0.18)

Race (ref: White)

Asian

−3.13

4.47

4.10

0.92

  

(−17.80, 11.54)

(−6.59, 15.53)

(−7.16, 15.35)

(−7.31, 9.16)

 

Black

3.80

−10.12

−2.21

−0.18

  

(−14.83, 22.42)

(−22.12, 1.88)

(−15.21, 10.79)

(−8.31, 7.96)

 

Other

5.65

1.17

−5.05

−0.13

  

(−5.04, 16.33)

(−6.82, 9.16)

(−15.19, 5.09)

(−7.30, 7.04)

 

South Asian

−6.46

−6.70

−12.17

−4.17

  

(−21.17, 8.26)

(−19.29, 5.89)

(−24.59, 0.25)

(−12.42, 4.08)

Comorbidity Count

 

−1.10

−3.13

−1.79

−2.61

  

(−2.79, 0.59)

(−4.66, -1.60)

(−3.15, -0.42)

(−3.60, -1.62)

Body Mass Index (ref: Normal)

Overweight

−5.54

2.79

−6.39

−2.90

  

(−12.30, 1.22)

(−2.78, 8.37)

(−12.19, -0.59)

(−7.29, 1.49)

 

Obese

−14.31

−5.09

−9.36

−7.24

  

(−22.18, -6.45)

(−11.63, 1.45)

(−16.22, -2.50)

(−11.92, -2.55)

  1. *all health domain scores were simultaneously assessed as dependent variables, with allowance for correlations between health domain scores;
  2. **bolded estimates represent statistical significance (i.e. p < 0.05).