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Table 3 Cohort-stratified path regression results; outcome: bodily pain score*

From: Heterogeneity in health status and the influence of patient characteristics across patients seeking musculoskeletal orthopaedic care – a cross-sectional study

  

Foot/Ankle

Elbow/Shoulder

Neck/Back

Hip/Knee

  

(n = 349)

(n = 378)

(n = 454)

(n = 767)

   

Outcome: Bodily Pain Score

 

Predictors

  

Beta Coefficients**

 
 

(95% Confidence Limits)

 

Age

 

−0.14

−0.04

−0.13

−0.23

  

(−0.31, 0.03)

(−0.21, 0.13)

(−0.28, 0.03)

(−0.34, -0.12)

Sex (ref: Male)

Female

−0.25

−4.07

−1.33

−5.06

  

(−5.46, 4.96)

(−9.18, 1.04)

(−6.03, 3.37)

(−8.27, -1.86)

Income (ref: high)

Low

−11.42

−4.95

−7.55

−4.41

  

(−18.97, -3.88)

(−12.38, 2.49)

(−15.26, 0.16)

(−9.33, 0.52)

 

Missing

2.92

5.05

2.85

−1.56

  

(−5.15, 11.00)

(−3.03, 13.13)

(−2.09, 7.78)

(−6.07, 2.96)

Education (ref: >high school)

≤ high school

−5.58

−4.46

−3.88

−3.58

  

(−11.74, 0.58)

(−9.70, 0.78)

(−8.61, 0.85)

(−7.10, -0.06)

Race (ref: White)

Asian

1.91

16.07

3.33

2.34

  

(−10.65, 14.47)

(4.85, 27.28)

(−6.85, 13.51)

(−4.72, 9.40)

 

Black

−3.84

−0.87

−5.84

−0.36

  

(−19.78, 12.09)

(−13.33, 11.60)

(−17.46, 5.78)

(−7.33, 6.61)

 

Other

1.77

2.34

−2.62

2.01

  

(−7.37, 10.91)

(−5.71, 10.38)

(−11.69, 6.45)

(−4.21, 8.24)

 

South Asian

−1.36

0.68

2.61

−2.81

  

(−13.95, 11.22)

(−12.34, 13.71)

(−8.49, 13.71)

(−10.00, 4.38)

Comorbidity Count

 

−1.64

−3.47

−1.95

−1.71

  

(−3.09, -0.19)

(−5.02, -1.92)

(−3.18, -0.72)

(−2.56, -0.85)

Body Mass Index (ref: Normal)

Overweight

−6.47

3.23

−3.60

−4.99

  

(−12.25, -0.69)

(−2.43, 8.89)

(−8.79, 1.60)

(−8.76, -1.22)

 

Obese

−13.27

−6.19

−3.54

−7.12

  

(−20.00, -6.54)

(−12.82, 0.43)

(−9.69, 2.60)

(−11.15, -3.09)

  1. *all health domain scores were simultaneously assessed as dependent variables, with allowance for correlations between health domain scores;
  2. **bolded estimates represent statistical significance (i.e. p < 0.05).