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Table 4 Results of the meta-analyses taking the between-group standardized mean differences as the effect size

From: Physical therapy treatments for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Outcome measure

k

d +

95% C. I.

d T - d C

   

d l d u

 

Pain

5

1.019

0.478 1.561

0.994

Disability

2

0.366

−0.345 1.077

0.742

Flexibility

2

0.703

−0.024 1.430

0.711

Endurance

1

0.870

−0.212 1.952

0.777

Mental health

1

−0.243

−1.235 0.749

−0.115

Self-reports

5

0.656

0.127 1.184

0.737

Clinicians

2

0.548

−0.176 1.273

0.641

Combined

5

0.664

0.139 1.189

0.730

  1. k: number of studies for each outcome measure. d +: mean effect size for each outcome. d l and d u: lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval for the mean effect size in each outcome. d Td C: difference between the treatment and control within-group means (calculated from Table 3). All of the heterogeneity Q statistics were not statistically significant (p > .05) and all I 2 indices were equal to 0%.