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Figure 5 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Figure 5

From: Movement within foot and ankle joint in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a 3-dimensional ultrasound analysis of medial gastrocnemius length with correction for effects of foot deformation

Figure 5

SCP-TD comparisons for absolute and normalized GM length. Inset: Schematic illustrating the concept of GM relative length with respect to tibia length (ℓ m+t - ℓ (tib) ) as a (co-)determinant of ankle joint angle. A. Absolute GM muscle-tendon complex length (ℓ m+t ). B. GM muscle-tendon complex length normalized for tibia length (ℓ m+t /ℓ (tib) ) GM relative length (ℓ m+t - ℓ (tib) ), as estimate of talocrural joint angle changes, is plotted as independent variable. For a number of data points the external moment applied to attain such positions is indicated (black font for TD and gray font for SCP, respectively). Additional statistical analysis was performed on fitted data for the overlapping GM relative lengths (i.e. equal lengths: +0.33 > ℓ(m + t)-ℓ(tib) < +1.61). Note that very different moments were applied externally for that range. Also note that GM in SCP generally operates at lower relative lengths. Mean values + SEM are plotted.

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