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Table 1 Participant characteristics and baseline values of variables included in the regression analysis

From: The clinical course over the first year of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD): pain-related disability predicts outcome in a mildly affected sample

 

Mildly affected sample MILD

Moderate/severely affected sample MOD/SEV

Test of statistical difference between groups

   

p-value

Gender

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

.087 (Chi2 = 2.924, df = 1)

 Female

52 (53.1%)

37 (67.3%)

 Male

46 (46.9%)

18 (32.7%)

Age (years)

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

.473 (t = -.72, df = 121)

 Mean (standard deviation)

34.4 (11.4)

35.7 (10.3)

WAD-grade

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

.004 (Chi2 = 8.089, df = 1)

 I

48 (49.0%)

14 (25.5%)

 II

50 (51.0%)

41 (74.5%)

Marital status

(n = 95)

(n = 54)

.158 (Chi2 = 3.685, df = 2)

 Married or cohabitants

50 (52.6%)

37 (67.3%)

 Single

36 (37.9%)

16 (29.1%)

 Living with parents

9 (9.5%)

2 (3.6%)

Education

(n = 94)

(n = 54)

.56 (Chi2 = 7.579, df = 3)

 Elementary school

13 (13.3%)

3 (5.5%)

 High school

46 (46.9%)

25 (45.5%)

 University

35 (37.2%)

27 (50.0%)

Physical activity level before accident

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

<.001 (Chi2 = 21.2, df = 3)

 ≥5 times/week

18 (18.4%)

22 (40.0%)

 2–4 times/week

39 (39.8%)

23 (41.8%)

 0–1 times/week

41 (41.8%)

7 (12–7)%)

 Never

0

3 (5.5%)

Health status before accident

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

.019 (Chi2 = 9.907, df = 3)

Very good

41 (41.8%)

23 (41.8%)

Good

53 (54.1%)

22 (40.0%)

Somewhat good

4 (4.1%)

8 (14.5%)

Bad

0

2 (3.6%)

Depressed mood before accident

(n = 94)

(n = 55)

.164 (Chi2 = 3.613, df = 2)

Never

77 (78.6%)

14 (73.7%)

Sometimes

17 (17.3%)

4 (21.1%)

Often

0

1 (1.8%)

Previous road accident, but no remaining symptoms

(n = 95)

(n = 55)

.

Yes

9 (9.2%)

12 (21.8%)

036

No

86 (87.8%)

43 (78.2%)

(Chi2 = 4.409, df = 1)

PDI

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

<.001

Median (IQR)

3 (4)

21 (12)

(z = -8.2)

Pain intensity NRS 0–10

(n = 94)

(n = 55)

<.001

Median (IQR)

2 (7)

5 (4)

(z = -9)

SES

(n = 97)

(n = 55)

<.001

Median (IQR)

187 (20)

162 (35)

(z = -7.4)

TSK

(n = 97)

(n = 55)

<.001

Median (IQR)

26.5 (6)

34 (30)

(z = -5.8)

CAT

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

.009

Median (IQR)

2 (20)

7 (19)

(z = -2.6)

IES

(n = 98)

(n = 55)

<.001

Median (IQR)

23 (14)

35 (28)

(z = -6.4)

  1. PDI = Pain Disability Index (0-70), low scores indicate low disability.
  2. Pain intensity (3 items 0-10), low scores indicate low pain intensity, control (1 item 0-10), low scores indicate low control.
  3. SES = Self-Efficacy Scale (0-200), low scores indicate low efficacy expectations.
  4. TSK = The Tampa Scale of Kinesiphobia (17-68), low scores indicate low fear.
  5. CAT = The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (0-36). High scores indicate higher frequency of catastrophic thinking.
  6. IES = Impact of Event Scale (0-75). High scores indicate severe symptoms.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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