Table 2 Pain anamnesis: differences between CLBP and CWP (n = 647)
CLBP | CWP | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chi-square test | Fisher’s exact test | Welch’s t-test | Mann-Whitney U-Test | |||
Pain in the following areas [no. (%)] | n = 484 | n = 163 | ||||
Head | 30 (6.2) | 51 (31.3) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Cervical spine | 161 (33.3) | 125 (76.7) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Thoracic spine | 198 (40.9) | 115 (70.6) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Lumbar spine | 484 (100) | 163 (100) | - | - | - | - |
Sternum | 12 (2.5) | 15 (9.2) | 0.001 | - | - | - |
Arm – left | 76 (15.7) | 141 (86.5) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Arm – right | 97 (20.0) | 148 (90.8) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Leg – left | 160 (33.1) | 140 (85.9) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Leg – right | 169 (34.9) | 145 (89.0) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Stomach | 67 (13.8) | 69 (42.3) | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Number of pain areas [mean (SD)] | n = 484 | n = 163 | - | - | - | >0.001 |
3.0 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.5) | |||||
Body mass index [mean (SD)] | n = 472 | n = 162 | - | - | 0.433 | - |
28.1 (5.8) | 28.6 (5.9) | |||||
First time of back pain [no (%)] | n = 484 | n = 163 | - | - | - | >0.001 |
Since > 1 year ago | 70 (14.5) | 9 (5.5) | ||||
1-2 years ago | 41 (8.5) | 6 (3.7) | ||||
2-5 years ago | 67 (13.8) | 20 (12.3) | ||||
5-10 years ago | 69 (14.3) | 28 (17.2) | ||||
> 10 years ago | 237 (49.0) | 100 (61.3) | ||||
Back pain frequency [no (%)] | n = 480 | n = 163 | - | - | - | >0.001 |
Few times per year | 40 (8.3) | 1 (0.6) | ||||
Few times per month | 47 (9.8) | 10 (6.1) | ||||
Several times per week | 89 (18.5) | 21 (12.9) | ||||
One time daily | 16 (3.3) | 2 (1.2) | ||||
Several times per day | 99 (20.6) | 27 (16.6) | ||||
Permanent | 189 (39.4) | 102 (62.6) | ||||
Pain distribution [no (%)] | n = 480 | n = 163 | 0.001 | - | - | - |
Permanent pain with slight variations | 98 (20.4) | 42 (25.8) | ||||
Permanent pain with higher variations | 142 (29.6) | 57 (35.0) | ||||
Pain attacks, between pain free | 164 (34.2) | 28 (17.2) | ||||
Pain attacks, between pain | 76 (15.8) | 36 (22.1) | ||||
Duration of pain attacks [no (%)] | n = 232 | n = 62 | - | - | - | 0.013 |
Seconds/minutes | 41 (17.7) | 6 (9.7) | ||||
Hours | 78 (33.6) | 22 (35.5) | ||||
Days | 36 (15.5) | 12 (19.4) | ||||
Longer than 3 days | 39 (16.8) | 7 (11.3) | ||||
Longer than 1 week | 38 (16.4) | 15 (24.2) | ||||
Red flags [no (%)] | n = 479 | n = 161 | 0.224 | - | - | - |
Positive | 89 (18.6) | 37 (23.0) | ||||
MPI - social support subscale [mean (SD)] | n = 475 | n = 141 | - | - | 0.234 | - |
4.8 (1.9) | 4.6 (1.9) | |||||
Graded Chronic Pain (von Korff Index) [no (%)] | n= 447 | n = 148 | - | - | - | 0.109 |
0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
1 | 72 (16.1) | 11 (7.4) | ||||
2 | 109 (24.4) | 39 (26.4) | ||||
3 | 131 (29.3) | 50 (33.8) | ||||
4 | 135 (30.2) | 48 (32.4) | ||||
Gut feeling: Will the pain go away? [no (%)] | n = 464 | n = 156 | >0.001 | - | - | - |
Yes | 228 (49.1) | 48 (30.8) | ||||