|
Male sex
|
37
|
49**
|
|
Age, years
|
53.8 (6)
|
54.3 (5)
|
|
African American race
|
18
|
33**
|
|
High school education or higher
|
83
|
73**
|
|
Pre-menopause
a,b
|
35
|
37
|
|
Smoking status
a
| | |
|
Current smoker
|
22
|
27
|
|
Former smoker
|
31
|
28
|
|
Never smoker
|
47
|
45
|
|
Diuretic use
|
12
|
19**
|
|
Hypertension
|
24
|
44**
|
|
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
|
6 (1)
|
6 (1)
|
|
HDL cholesterol
a
| | |
|
< 1.03 mmol/L
|
20
|
26*
|
|
1.03 ≤ HDL ≤ 1.55
|
48
|
50
|
|
> 1.55
|
32
|
24
|
|
Diabetes
|
8
|
11*
|
|
Coronary heart disease
|
3
|
6*
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
2
|
5*
|
|
BMI, kg/m
2a
| | |
|
BMI ≥ 35
|
6
|
14**
|
|
30 ≤ BMI < 35
|
15
|
23
|
|
25 ≤ BMI < 30
|
39
|
45
|
|
BMI < 25
|
40
|
18
|
|
Early adult obesity
|
3
|
7**
|
|
Weight change from early adult, lb
|
25 (26)
|
32 (30)**
|
|
Waist-to-hip ratio, quartiles
a
| | |
|
Waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.97
|
23
|
38**
|
|
0.92 ≤ Waist-to-hip ratio < 0.97
|
25
|
28
|
|
0.86 ≤ Waist -to-hip ratio < 0.92
|
26
|
22
|
|
0.86 ≤ Waist-to-hip ratio
|
26
|
12
|
|
Categorical alcohol intake, grams/week
a
| | |
|
Abstain
|
61
|
63*
|
|
0–100
|
27
|
24
|
|
>100
|
12
|
13
|
|
Animal fat, grams/day
|
35 (17)
|
37 (18)*
|
|
Animal protein, grams/day
|
53 (23)
|
53 (22)
|
|
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m
2a
| | |
|
<60
|
1
|
4**
|
|
60–90
|
39
|
40
|
|
≥ 90
|
60
|
56
|
|
Baseline serum urate level, mg/dL
|
5.3 (1.0)
|
6.1 (0.78)**
|
|
Serum urate level at 3 year follow-up, mg/dL
|
5.5 (1.2)
|
7.0 (1.3)**
|
|
3-year change in serum urate level, mg/dL
|
0.2 (0.9)
|
0.9 (1.3)**
|
