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Table 2 Overview of outcome parameters identified in studies included in review

From: Measures and procedures utilized to determine the added value of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joints: a systematic review

  

Outcome parameter

ICF code[2]

Actual or perceived performance

Quality of walking

Energy cost

Cognitive effort

Safety

Activity level

Activities other than walking

Prosthetic comfort

Other (e.g. health)

Functioning & disability

ICF component

“Body”

(comprising “Body functions” and “Body structures”)

walking speed [7, 14, 16–18, 20, 21, 24, 30, 35],[39]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

(a)symmetry [7, 16, 18, 29, 36, 40, 41]

b770

a

●

       

stance phase duration [15, 35, 39, 41]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

joint angles [15, 17, 18, 21, 39]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

joint moments [15, 17, 18, 21, 26]

b770

a

●

       

joint power [16, 20]

b770

a

●

       

step time [17, 41]

b770

a

●

       

step length [17, 21]

b770

a

●

       

single-support time [17, 39, 41]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

double-support time [17, 41]

b770

a

●

       

jerk [17]

b770

a

●

       

cadence [14, 18, 24, 35, 39]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

ground reaction force [21, 41]

b770

a

●

       

impulse [41]

b770

a

●

       

stride length [14, 24, 35, 39]

b770

a

●

    

●

  

knee extension instant [35]

b770

a

●

       

latency period [35]

b770

a

●

       

muscular activity pattern [17, 39]

b760

a

●

    

●

  

walking distance [14, 25]

b455

a

●

       

dynamic stability [39]

b755/b235

p

●

       

O2 consumption rate [7–9, 13, 14, 16–18, 20, 27, 31]

b455

a

 

●

      

heart rate [13, 14, 18, 27]

b455

a

 

●

      

physiological cost index [24, 29]

b455

a

 

●

      

physical activity-related energy expenditure [31]

b455

a

 

●

      

effort to walk [7, 10, 18, 31]

b469

p

 

●

      

ability to divide attention [18, 22]

b140

p

  

●

     

concentration [25, 34]

b140

p

  

●

     

whole body sway [11]

b755

a

  

●

     

joint angles/moments (safety potential) [33]

b770

a

   

●

    

joint angles (gait pattern variability) [18]

b770

a

   

●

    

confidence (walking [7, 25, 32, 34]/standing [7]/balance [28, 39, 43])

b126

p/p/p

   

●

    

perceived safety [18, 32]

b126

p

   

●

    

moment of heel off [39]

b770

a

     

●

  

postural stability [26]

b755/b235

a

     

●

  

load on non-affected leg [18]

b780

p

       

●

integration in body scheme [18]

b180

p

       

●

 

body image [23]

b180

p

       

●

ICF

component

“Activities & Participation”

quality [10, 16, 18]/ ability [10, 12, 18, 29, 32] of walking

d450

a-p/p

●

       

learning to walk [10]

d155

p

  

●

     

stumble frequency [25, 29, 30, 34]

 

p

   

●

    

fall frequency [25, 29, 30, 34, 43]

 

p

   

●

    

activity duration [19, 42]

 

a

    

●

   

activity level [42]

 

a

    

●

   

number of daily bouts of activity [42]

 

a

    

●

   

daily step frequency [19, 25]

d450

a

    

●

   

quality [25, 34]/ability [10, 18, 29, 30]/effort [7] of stairs negotiation

d455

a/p/p

     

●

  

quality [25, 34]/ability [10, 18, 29]/effort [7] of hill negotiation

d450

a/p/p

     

●

  

ability [10, 25, 30, 34]/effort [7] to negotiate uneven terrain

d450

a-p/p

     

●

  

quality of obstacle negotiation [27]

d450

a

     

●

  

duration [37]/symmetry [37] of sitting down/standing up

d410

a/a

     

●

  

basic functional mobility [25, 34, 39, 43]

d4*

a

     

●

  

ability to perform daily life activities [38]

d4*/d649

a-p

     

●

  

satisfaction/performance [25, 30, 31, 34, 39, 42]

 

p

       

●

general health/QoL [25, 27, 34]

 

p

       

●

participation in work/leisure activities [43]

d850/d920

p

       

●

Contextual factors

ICF Environmental & Personal factors

amount of prosthetic use [39]

e1151

p

●

     

●

 

use of walking aids [18, 24, 39]

e115

a-p

●

       

swing phase control [12]

e1151

p

      

●

 

knee dynamics [12]

e1151

p

      

●

 

mechanical reliability [10]

e115

p

      

●

 

socket fit [30]

e1151

p

      

●

 

prosthesis attributes [29, 32]

e1151

p

      

●

 
  

physical effects of prosthesis [32]

e1151

p

      

●

 
  1. * = applies to multiple paragraphs in chapter 4 (d410-d499); a = actual performance; p = perceived performance; ICF = International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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