Table 5 Overview of major MC studies in RA and SLE patients
Disease | Number of subjects/samples | Method/ Material | MC positive | Mean disease duration (years)/age of subjects (years) | History of blood transfusion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RA | 71 RA; 49 HC | PCR/ PBMC | 18% RA, 24% HC | n.r. / 33 (median) | n.r. | Yan et al. [31] |
RA, JIA | 25 pregnant patients: | PCR/ PBMC | n.r. / 33 | n.r. | Yan at al. [30] | |
(21 with improvement of arthritis, 4 with active arthritis) | 100%50% | |||||
RA | DRB1*01 MC: | PCR/PBMC | DRB1*01 MC: | n.r./ 57 (RA); | included | Rak et al. [14] |
33 RA, 46 HC | RA: 30%, HC: 4% | 52 (HC) | (17%, HC 13%) | |||
DRB1*04 MC: | RA: 40%, | |||||
48 RA, 64 HC | RA: 40%, HC: 8% | |||||
RA | 15 patients/19 granulomatous nodules | PCR/ tissue | 13/15 patients, 14/19 nodules | 22.5 / 66 | included | Atkins et al. [32] |
RA | QKRAA MC: | PCR/ PBMC | QKRAA MC | n.r. / 51 (RA), | n.r. | Yan et al. [29] |
52 RA, 34 HC | RA: 17%, HC: 3% | 42 (HC) | ||||
QRRAA MC: | QRRAA MC: | |||||
52 RA, 34 HC | RA: 40%, HC: 18% | |||||
RA | 13 patients (synovial tissue), 10 patients (skin fibroblasts) | PCR/tissue | 38% | 16.4 / 55.5 | n.r. | Hromadnikova et al. [34] |
40% | ||||||
SLE | 1 patient, 44 samples, 11 female control subjects | FISH/tissue | 100% abnormal tissue, 0% normal tissue; 0/11 controls | 1 / 33 | n.r. | Johnson et al. [33] |
SLE | 22 patients, 24 HC | PCR/whole blood | SLE: 50% HC: 50% | n.r. /44 (SLE), 48 (HC) | excluded | Mosca et al. [35] |
SLE | 49 patients (57 renal biopsies), 51 HC samples | FISH/tissue | SLE: 55% of patients, 51% of samples HC: 25% of samples | n.r. / 31 (SLE) | included (31%) | Kremer Hovinga et al. [37] |
SLE | 7 patients (48 organ samples), 34 HC (146 samples) | FISH/tissue | SLE: 100% (50% of samples), HC: 44%, (14% of samples) | 7 /41 (SLE); 47 (HC) | excluded | Kremer Hovinga et al. [36] |