Skip to main content

Table 3 Description of laterality in live-born children with a limb defect a

From: Birth prevalence for congenital limb defects in the northern Netherlands: a 30-year population-based study

 

Right,

Left,

Bilateral,

Total of sites,b

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

Polydactyly (n = 322)

90 (13.6)

98 (14.8)

118 (17.8)

306 (46.1)

  Upper limb

65 (9.8)

72 (10.8)

95 (14.3)

232 (34.9)

  Lower limb

25 (3.8)

26 (3.9)

23 (3.5)

74 (11.1)

Syndactyly (n = 140)

40 (6.0)

49 (7.4)

44 (6.6)

133 (20.0)

  Upper limb

24 (3.6)

29 (4.4)

26 (3.9)

79 (11.9)

  Lower limb

16 (2.4)

20 (3.0)

18 (2.7)

54 (8.1)

Reduction defects (n = 193)

78 (11.7)

88 (13.3)

34 (5.1)

200 (30.1)

  Upper limb

52 (7.8)

67 (10.1)

14 (2.1)

133 (20.0)

    Transverse

38 (5.7)

49 (7.4)

7 (1.1)

94 (14.2)

    Longitudinal

8 (1.2)

9 (1.4)

6 (0.9)

23 (3.5)

    Intercalary

0

2 (0.3)

0

2 (0.3)

    Central

6 (0.9)

7 (1.1)

1 (0.2)

14 (2.1)

  Lower limb

26 (3.9)

21 (3.2)

20 (3.0)

67 (10.1)

    Transverse

10 (1.5)

10 (1.5)

10 (1.5)

30 (4.5)

    Longitudinal

10 (1.5)

9 (1.4)

3 (0.5)

22 (3.3)

    Intercalary

3 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

0

4 (0.6)

    Central

3 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

7 (1.1)

11 (1.7)

Other CLD (n = 58)

18 (2.7)

32 (4.8)

9 (1.4)

59 (8.9)

  Upper limb

5 (0.8)

14 (2.1)

4 (0.6)

23 (3.5)

  Lower limb

13 (2.0)

18 (2.7)

5 (0.8)

36 (5.4)

Total CLD (n = 664)

226 (34.0)

267 (40.2)

205 (30.9)

698 (105.1)

  Upper limb

146 (22.0)

182 (27.4)

139 (20.9)

467 (70.3)

  Lower limb

80 (12.0)

85 (12.8)

66 (9.9)

231 (34.8)

  1. Abbreviations and notations: CLD–congenital limb defects, N–number of sites.
  2. Percentages are calculated from the total number of children with isolated CLD and multiple congenital anomalies (n = 664). In 58 infants localisation was unknown.
  3. aIncluded only live births with isolated and multiple congenital defects (including a limb defect) because of 1) lack of information on stillbirths and abortions, and 2) genetic abnormalities or syndromes have characteristic patterns [31].
  4. bNumber of sites exceeds the number of children due to multiple CLD in some cases.