Table 2 Average (SD) angular velocity (°/s), normalized jerk cost (a.u.) and number of submovements for the three speed conditions in the four movement directions for the chronic WAD (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15)

Av. vel.

S

10.8 (6.7)**

18.2 (7.8)

13.4 (9.0)*

22.4 (10.6)

12.5 (6.7)

16.7 (7.7)

14.2 (6.9)

19.1 (7.2)

(°/s)

P

23.6 (12.2)**

40.0 (13.2)

27.6 (15.4)**

45.9 (12.7)

37.3 (21.1)

42.8 (13.9)

35.3 (18.9)

38.5 (11.1)

M

66.6 (44.9)***

133.2 (42.6)

76.1 (56.3)**

136.8 (33.7)

87.1 (44.7)**

139.6 (36.7)

81.8 (45.6)**

131.6 (30.1)

NJC

S

1541 (2933)

335 (269)

824 (1502)

319 (250)

969 (1318)

467 (521)

704 (1171)

275 (287)

(a.u.)

P

134 (173)

58 (43)

95 (134)

42 (24)

79 (117)

45 (30)

74 (107)

47 (19)

M

33 (22)

27 (14)

42 (40)**

19 (5)

24 (12)

20 (11)

30 (15)

25 (8)

Subm.

S

14.6 (12.4)

9.4 (3.9)

11.3 (7.0)

9.3 (5.7)

14.6 (12.6)

11.4 (7.5)

12.9 (8.8)

9.5 (6.8)

(no.)

P

3.9 (2.9)

2.4 (1.6)

3.2 (2.4)*

1.6 (0.8)

2.6 (2.3)

1.8 (1.0)

1.9 (1.3)

1.5 (0.6)

M

1.5 (0.7)*

1.1 (0.2)

1.4 (0.9)

1.0 (0.0)

1.1 (0.2)

1.0 (0.1)

1.3 (0.5)

1.0 (0.1)