Inclusion criteria | |
● Age 18-90 years | |
● Primary anterior cervical spine surgery on 1 or more levels | |
● Informed consent | |
Exclusion criteria | |
● Pre-operative dysphagia, hoarseness or sore throat | |
● Pre-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy | |
● Previous anterior cervical spine surgery | |
● Inadequate Dutch language | |
● Planned fiberoptic intubation or rapid sequence induction | |
● Peroperative use of N2O | |
● Mentally disabled patients |