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Table 3 Study parameters, properties of the corresponding instruments and their measurement point(s)

From: A goal management intervention for polyarthritis patients: rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial

Content

Measurement point

Scale

Reference

Example item

Scale range

Cronbach’s alpha a

Items

Response options

Depression

Intake, T0, T1, T4

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Zigmond & Snaith, 1983 [60]

I have lost interest in my appearance.

0-21

.81

7

various response format (0–3)

Anxiety

Intake, T0, T1, T4

HADS

Zigmond & Snaith, 1983

I feel tense or wound up.

0-21

.83

7

various response format (0–3)

Positive affect

T0, T1, T4

Positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 [67]

Rate how you felt during the past week: e.g., attentive, interested.

10-50

.92

10

very slightly or not at all (1) - very much (5)

Purpose in life

T0, T1, T4

Purpose In Life scale (PIL)

Ryff, 1989 [68]; Ryff & Keyes, 1995 [69]

My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.

6-30

.82

6

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Social participation

T0, T1, T4

Family role, autonomy outdoors, social relations and work and education subscales of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) questionnaire

Cardol, De Haan, De Jong, Van den Bos, & De Groot, 2001 [70]

Domain autonomy outdoors: The possibility to spend my (spare) time like I want to is…

0-4

.76

25

very good (0) - very poor (4)

Pain

T0, T1, T4

1 item with 100 mm visual analogue scale

-

Please indicate how much pain you had in the last 7 days due to your condition?

0-100

-

1

no pain at all (0) -unbearable pain (100)

Fatigue

T0, T1, T4

1 item with 100 mm visual analogue scale

-

Please indicate your level of fatigue averaged over the past 7 days?

0-100

-

1

no fatigue (0) -completely exhausted (100)

Physical functioning

T0, T1, T4

RAND-36 physical function subscale

Ware & Sherbourne, 1992 [71]; Van der Zee & Sanderman, 2012 [72]

Does your health limit you in these activities? If so, how much? E.g., Walking a half mile.

10-30

-

10

Yes, limited a lot (1) – No, not limited at all (3)

Goal maintenance

T0, T1, T4

Tenacious Goal Pursuit (TGP)

Brandtstädter & Renner, 1990 [73]

When faced with difficulties, I usually double my efforts.

15-75

.73

15

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Goal adjustment

T0, T1, T4

Flexible Goal Adjustment Scale (FGA)

Brandtstädter & Renner, 1990

I adapt quite easily to changes in plans or circumstances.

15-75

.79

15

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Goal disengagement

T0, T1, T4

Goal Adjustment Scale

Wrosch, Scheier, Miller, et al., 2003 [42]

If I have to stop pursuing an important goal in my life, it’s easy for me to reduce my effort towards a goal.

4-20

.53

4

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Goal reengagement

T0, T1, T4

Goal Adjustment Scale

Wrosch, Scheier, Miller, et al., 2003

If I have to stop pursuing an important goal in my life, I seek other meaningful goals.

6-30

.88

6

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Goal management strategies

T0, T1, T4

Goal Management Strategy Vignettes (GMSV)

 

See article’s text

-

-

-

Open ended

Coping versatility

T0, T1, T4

Coping Flexibility Questionnaire (COFLEX)

Vriezekolk, Van Lankveld, Eijsbouts, Van Helmond, Geenen, & Van den Ende, 2012 [51]

I can easily change my approach if necessary.

9-36

-

9

rarely or never (1) –almost always (4)

Self-efficacy pain

T0, T1, T4

Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale

Lorig, et al., 1989 [30]

I am certain that I can keep arthritis pain from interfering with my sleep.

1-5

.83

5

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Self-efficacy for other symptoms

T0, T1, T4

Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale

Lorig, et al., 1989

I am certain that I can control my fatigue.

1-5

.82

6

strongly disagree (1) -strongly agree (5)

Demographics

T0

Sex, age, marital status, education and current state of employment

-

-

-

N.A.

6

various response format

Disease characteristics

T0

Diagnosis and disease duration

-

-

-

N.A.

2

Various response format

Co-morbidities

T0

Checklist with 15 categories of conditions b

Based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: WHO, 1992)

-

0-16

N.A.

16

-

Medication use

T0, T1, T2, T3, T4

-

-

See article’s text

N.A.

N.A.

2

See text

Utilities

T0, T1, T4

EQ-5D

Brooks, 1996 [74]; Lamers, McDonnell, Stalmeier, Krabbe, & Busschbach, 2006 [75]

I have no problems in walking about.

1-3

-

15

No problem (1) - extreme problems (3)

Direct medical costs

T0, T1, T2, T3, T4

-

-

See article’s text

N.A.

N.A.

3

Open ended

Indirect non-medical costs

T0, T1, T2, T3, T4

-

-

See article’s text

N.A.

N.A.

7

Open ended

Price estimate

T1

-

-

See article’s text

N.A.

N.A.

1

In euros for de complete course

  1. a Arends et al., 2013; b Respondents could also indicate ‘other conditions not listed’.