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Table 1 Material properties used in finite element model of lumbar spine

From: Biomechanical comparison of anterior lumbar interbody fusion: stand-alone interbody cage versus interbody cage with pedicle screw fixation - a finite element analysis

Bony structures

Young’s modulus

Poisson’s

Reference

 

E (MPa)

ratio

 

Cortical bone

12,000

0.3

Shirazi et al. [7]

Cancellous bone

100

0.2

Posterior element

3,500

0.25

End plate

25

0.25

Sharma et al. [8]

Annulus ground

4.2

0.45

Nucleus pulposus

1.0

0.499 (incompressible)

Goel et al. [6]

Annulus fibers

Young’s modulus

Cross-sectional

Reference

E (MPa)

Area (mm2)

Layer 1/2

550

0.50

Combined from Shirazi et al. [7] and Smit et al. [5]

Layer 3/4

495

0.39

Layer 5/6

413

0.31

Layer 7/8

358

0.24

Ligaments

Young’s modulus

Cross-sectional

Reference

E (MPa)

Area (mm2)

ALL

7.8 (<12%)

20 (>12%)

63.7

Adapted from Goel et al. [6]

PLL

10 (<11%)

20 (>11%)

20

LF

15 (<6.2%)

19 (>6.2%)

40

CL

7.5 (<25%)

33 (>25%)

30

ITL

10 (<18%)

59 (>18%)

1.8

ISL

10 (<14%)

12 (>14%)

40

SSL

8 (<20%)

15 (>20%)

30

 
  1. Abbreviations: All anterior longitudinal ligament, PLL posterior longitudinal ligament, LF ligamentum flavum, CL capsular ligament, ITL intertansverse ligament, ISL interspinous ligament, SSL supraspinous ligament.